Dermal exposure to sensitizing metals is a serious occupational and public health problem. The usual approach to dermal exposure assessment is to process samples by chemical methods that use reactants to digest the metal particles and quantify the mass. In the case of dermal exposure assessment, these reactants are not representative of the skin surface film liquids and hence, may overestimate ...

The formation of a protective chromium carbide passive film makes austenitic stainless steel (ASS) alloys suitable for corrosive and high-temperature environments. This paper examined the transformation microstructure, corrosion, mechanical properties gas tungsten arc welded 316 steel. scientific principles governing metallurgical corrosion dynamics were discussed. review shows that on 316L ASS...

The study presents a possible mechanism to produce carbides and diborides of transition metals, such as titanium, vanadium, chromium zirconium. carbothermal synthesis metal has defined the direct dependence between thermodynamic stability oxides temperature range reduction onset (the stronger oxide, higher value is). It reaches 2000-2100, 1500-1600, 1300-1400 2100-2200°C for TiC, VC 0,88 , Cr 3...

Ni-Hard4 white cast iron is excellent wear resistant material and has been widely used in wearaffected equipment operated under extreme conditions, such as in mineral processing, cement, copper and iron manufacturing. In this study the effect of titanium addition (1.2, 0.7 and 0.2 wt.%) to the Ni-hard 4 cast iron with the nominal composition of Si= 1.5%, Mn=0.5%, C=3%, P=0.05%, S= 0.05%, Mo= 0....

Precipitation-hardened (PH) stainless steels have been widely used as structural materials and related applications in marine environments, power plants (light-water and pressurized water reactors), and chemical industries because of their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at typical service temperatures below 300oC. 17-4 PH (A1S1630) stainless steel (15–17.5 Cr, 3–5 Ni, 3–5 C...

Both erosive and abrasive wear are common in mechanical systems moving components industrial production. Once they occur machine parts, the task of breakdown maintenance should be carried out, leading to high production costs. Previous research has shown that high-chromium cast iron (HCCI), a commonly used wear-resistant material, experiences repeated particle impacts break up chromium carbides...

For commercial applications, specially formulated conversion coating treatments based on chromates and phosphates have been used extensively to prevent rapid Zn dissolution in aerospace, food processing and automobile industries. Chromate coatings are favored due to their barrier and corrosion resistance properties. Chromium deposition is obtained from hexavalent Cr salt baths, which are subjec...

Due to its extensive use in industrial processes, large quantities of chromium compounds are discharged into the environment. Common approaches for the speciation of Cr employ the determination of Cr(VI) and total Cr. The focus of the present work was a separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species, with a minimum of sample preparation, by keeping an eye on the more relevant and toxic Cr(VI). For th...

Two series of chromium–zirconium mixed oxide catalysts with different Cr/Zr molar ratio are prepared by co-precipitation method. Porous structure the is studied low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption. Phase composition and chromium states in characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction hydrogen (TPR-H2). The tested non-oxidative dehydrogenat...