7-Aza-bicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane (7-aza-norbornane) is a bridged heterocyclic nucleus found in epibatidine, the alkaloid isolated from the skin of the tropical poison frog Epipedobates tricolor. Since epibatidine is known as one of the most potent acetyl-choline nicotinic receptor agonists, a plethora of literature has been devoted to this alkaloid. However, there are no structural data on the unsu...

Preparation of Tissue-Studies were performed on the isolated urinary bladder of the toad, Bujo marinus. Animals were pithed and the two halves of the bladder rapidly removed through a ventral incision. The tissue was rinsed in Ringer’s solution before use. For the study of the oxygen consumption of various toad tissues, small intestine, stomach, heart, ventral abdominal skin, and skeletal muscl...

High affinity choline uptake plays a critical role in the regulation of acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons. Recently, we succeeded in molecular cloning of the high affinity choline transporter (CHT1), which is specifically expressed in cholinergic neurons. Here we demonstrate the presence of functionally relevant, nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the human CHT1 gene b...

WHinE the presence of small amounts of choline and acetylcholine can easily be detected by biological methods, their quantitative micro-chemical estimation presents considerable difficulty. The only method hitherto described for the micro-chemical estimation of choline appears to be that of Roman [1930], a modification of the macro-method of Stanek [1906] depending on the precipitation of choli...

2-Isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618) inhibits the activity of a cholinesterase isolated from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) roots at concentrations comparable to those which retard growth and inhibit development of secondary roots of bean seedlings. Fifty per cent inhibition of the cholinesterase activity occurred at 0.21 mm. Inhibition of...

The cationic functionalisation of cellulose is of considerable industrial importance and has found applications in the paper industry, cosmetics, textiles, in flotation and flocculation and in drilling fluids. In particular, it is used in the removal of acidic dyes from aqueous effluent produced by the textile industry, which significantly reduces the environmental impact of such processes. The...

A new automated analytical method for the determination of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) using a butyrylcholine chloride (BuCh) ion-selective electrode (ISE) detector was developed. BuCh is degraded to choline and butyrate by enzymatic activity BChE, resulting in decrease concentration. By detecting this change concentration with BuCh-ISE, BChE can be...

Exogenous Mg(2+) (2 millimolar) altered the stromal pH of intact spinach chloroplasts. Without added KCl in the medium, Mg(2+) decreased the stromal pH in the light by approximately 0.3 pH unit. External KCl (25 millimolar) largely prevented the acidification caused by Mg(2+). Effects on the stromal pH were not caused by changes in H(+) pumping across the thylakoid membrane because Mg(2+) had n...

The maximum cell population density of mouse fibroblast (strain LS) cells growing in static suspension culture was found to be directly proportional to the dialysed calf serum concentration. This was due to choline limitation and the fact that serum protein was a major source of choline. The growth yield (Y) was 3'2 x io cells//tg choline chloride. Studies on the role of serum in the presence o...

To gain insight into the homeostatic mechanisms regulating airway ion/water fluxes and mucociliary transport, the canine tracheobronchial airway fluid was perturbed by deposition of hypo- and hyperosmotic aerosols for >1 h. Tracheal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured by using heterodyne laser light scattering. Tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) and bronchial mucociliary clearance (BMC) were m...