Choline is ubiquitous in marine eukaryotes and appears to be widely distributed in surface marine waters; however, its metabolism by marine bacteria is poorly understood. Here, using comparative genomics and molecular genetic approaches, we reveal that the capacity for choline catabolism is widespread in marine heterotrophs of the marine Roseobacter clade (MRC). Using the model bacterium Rueger...

Choline and C1 metabolism pathways intersect at the formation of methionine from homocysteine. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations are decreased in animals ingesting diets deficient in choline, and it has been suggested that this occurs because the availability of methionine limits AdoMet synthesis. If the above hypothesis is correct, changes in hepatic AdoMet concentrations sh...

Choline supplementation during fetal development [embryonic days (E) 11-17] permanently enhances memory performance in rats. To characterize the neurochemical mechanisms that may mediate this effect, we investigated the development of indices of the cholinergic system in the hippocampus: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from choline...

BACKGROUND Membrane transport of choline cations is elevated in renal failure in erythrocytes and cerebral tissue but the origins and clinical importance of this are unknown. METHODS The membrane transport changes have been characterized using erythrocytes from patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD), patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and control subjects. Data ...

Four variants of the methods for obtaining and conditions synthesis choline chloride were analyzed: all use trimethylamine mild

Seven experiments were conducted with 280 crossbred pigs to investigate the effect of excess choline on rate and efficiency of gain of weanling, growing and finishing swine Choline additions were made to a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. Daily gain of weanling pigs was reduced slightly by 6,000 ppm excess choline compared with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm excess choline. Excess supple...

In non Mg-loaded and non malaria-infected rat erythrocytes, mefloquine (100 lmol·l) stimulated choline/Mg antiport without affecting the Na/Mg antiport. The stimulation of the choline/Mg antiport by mefloquine, found in this study, and by trifluoperazine and fluvoxamine, reported previously [Ebel et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004; 1167: 132-40], was associated with CF3 groups attached to the qui...

Various investigators have demonstrated that choline stimulates the formation of liver phospholipides in intact) choline-deficient rats or dogs (l-3). The in vitro technique provided a critical test of the hypothesis that choline exerts this effect by direct action on the liver cell. With this procedure Artom and Swanson (4) showed that phospholipide synthesis is markedly depressed in liver sli...