نتایج جستجو برای: cholera
تعداد نتایج: 10601 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Oral rehydration therapy with electrolytes and glucose has been generally accepted in the treatment of cholera and non-cholera diarrhoeas with less than 10% dehydration. Oral fluid for cholera patients contained 90 mmol/L of Sodium because of high facal excretion rate of sodium in cholera. The same fomula has been introduced by the World Health Organisation in developing countries for non-chole...
BACKGROUND Cholera remains an important public health problem. Yet there are few reliable population-based estimates of laboratory-confirmed cholera incidence in endemic areas around the world. METHODS We established treatment facility-based cholera surveillance in three sites in Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (India), and Beira (Mozambique). The annual incidence of cholera was estimated using ...
BACKGROUND Cholera burden in Africa remains unknown, often because of weak national surveillance systems. We analyzed data from the African Cholera Surveillance Network (www.africhol.org). METHODS/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS During June 2011-December 2013, we conducted enhanced surveillance in seven zones and four outbreak sites in Togo, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Guinea, Uganda, Mozambi...
BACKGROUND A significant interest in spatial epidemiology lies in identifying associated risk factors which enhances the risk of infection. Most studies, however, make no, or limited use of the spatial structure of the data, as well as possible nonlinear effects of the risk factors. METHODS We develop a Bayesian Structured Additive Regression model for cholera epidemic data. Model estimation ...
BACKGROUND Cholera and shigellosis are endemic on the Indian subcontinent. Our objective was to identify cholera-specific risk factors distinct from shigellosis risk factors. METHODS We conducted a case-case study among hospitalized diarrheal patients, comparing those with cholera and shigellosis in International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) hospitals in Matlab...
BACKGROUND The seventh cholera pandemic has been ongoing in Mexico since 1991 and threatens to become endemic. This paper aims to determine the geographical pattern of cholera in Mexico to define areas at high risk of endemic cholera. METHODS Ecologic research was conducted based upon the cartography of disease incidence. The 32 Mexican states were grouped into five strata according to the va...
BACKGROUND Cholera has claimed many lives throughout history and it continues to be a global threat, especially in countries in Africa. The disease is listed as one of three internationally quarantinable diseases by the World Health organization, along with plague and yellow fever. Between 1999 and 2005, Africa alone accounted for about 90% of over 1 million reported cholera cases worldwide. In...
The effects of cholera toxin on the coupling of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor to a guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein were examined in a GH3 clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells. Incubation of the cells with cholera toxin (50 ng/ml) for 16 hr caused a decrease in [3H]methyl-TRH binding to 59% of the control level and in TRH-stimulated low Km GTPase activity from 143...
BACKGROUND The eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been identified as endemic areas for cholera transmission, and despite continuous control efforts, they continue to experience regular cholera outbreaks that occasionally spread to the rest of the country. In a region where access to improved water sources is particularly poor, the question of which improvements in wa...
The global dimensions of cholera Cholera remains among the most feared infectious diseases. The fi rst six pandemics of cholera, beginning in 1817, were major public health emergencies, infl icting high morbidity and mortality across the world. Today we continue to battle with the seventh pandemic that began in 1961 and shows no sign of abating. Of particular concern is the spatially and tempor...
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