The chlorite dismutases (Clds) degrade ClO(2)(-) to O(2) and Cl(-) in perchlorate respiring bacteria, and they serve still poorly defined cellular roles in other diverse microbes. These proteins share 3 highly conserved Trp residues, W155, W156, and W227, on the proximal side of the heme. The Cld from Dechloromonas aromatica (DaCld) has been shown to form protein-based radicals in its reactions...

We present surface and structural models of a swarm dm-scale subparallel faults exposed in ∼2000 m2 glaciated outcrop near Franz Josef Glacier, the Southern Alps New Zealand. These structures are inferred to have slipped at ∼20 km depth hanging-wall Alpine Schist Fault under conditions that were variably brittle ductile as Pacific Plate was tilted uplifted. Using field mapping, real-time kinema...

-Activity expressions are presented for a six end-member, regular solution, site-mixing model for chlorites. The end members are ideal 14-/~ chlorites for which experimental stability data are lacking. Estimates were made of the standard state 25~ and 1 bar molar 3rd law entropies, volumes, and the Maier-Kelley heat capacity coefficients. Experimental stability data from the literature for 14-A...

Precise spatio-temporal organization of chemical, hydrodynamic, and mechanical processes is typical for biological systems where particular chemical reactions have to accrue in precisely assignment place and time. It is rarely studied and observed in chemical systems. We report unusual precipitation pattern formation of PbSO(4) in chemical media (Pb(2+)-Chlorite-Thiourea System). We have found ...

Autocatalytic reactions may propagate as solitary waves, namely, at a constant front velocity and with a stationary concentration profile, resulting from a balance between molecular diffusion and chemical reaction. When the reaction is exothermic, a thermal wave is linked to the chemical front. As the thermal diffusivity is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than the molecular one, the tempe...

Chlorite dismutase (CD) catalyzes the disproportionation of chlorite to chloride (ClO(2)(-)-->Cl(-)+O(2)) and is present in bacteria capable of cell respiration using perchlorate or chlorate. The activity of this enzyme has previously been measured by monitoring oxygen evolution using a Clark-type dissolved oxygen (DO) probe. We demonstrate here, using two other methods to measure CD activity (...

Strawberries, cherry tomatoes, and red bayberries, which are the most popular types of fresh produce in China, are vulnerable to microbial contamination. In this study, different sanitizing methods [treatment with 2% organic acids, 0.02% sodium hypochlorite (SH), 0.1% sodium chlorite (SC), and 0.1% acidified sodium chlorite (ASC)] were applied to fresh strawberry, cherry tomato, and red bayberr...

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrospira are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems and also in wastewater treatment plants. Nitrospira are members of a distinct phylum, not closely related to other nitrifiers, and no genomic sequences from this genus have been available so far. Here we applied an environmental genomics approach to sequence and assemble a 137 kbp-long genome fragment of 'Ca...