background: life expectancy at birth as an alternative summary measure of mortality represents number of years which a newborn will be alive based on the current age specific death rates. as it summarizes death rates across all age range in a given population is the most common summary measure of mortality. the aim of this study was to correct death rates for underreport and estimate life expec...

objective: tempo is the average waiting time to next birth for a woman. role of fertility as the most important phenomenon determining population fluctuations due to the studies of it compared with other demographic phenomena be important and review the multifarious socioeconomic factors of it share  a large effective population studies. general purpose of this study is fitting the cox model to...

Understanding how having children influences parents' subjective well-being ("happiness") has great potential to explain fertility behavior. We study parental happiness trajectories before and after the birth of a child, using large British and German longitudinal data sets. We account for unobserved parental characteristics using fixed-effects models and study how sociodemographic factors modi...

In a prospective longitudinal study the authors examined the associations between parent locus of control of reinforcement (LOCR), measured before the birth of a child, and behavioral-emotional outcomes in that child at age 7 years. A total of 307 couples completed questionnaires regarding their emotional status and LOCR at their first prenatal care appointment. When their children turned 7 yea...

Infant and child are the assets of a country. Women are at the heart of development because they bear children and they are nearly half of the total population. Infant and child mortality is powerful indicators to assess overall health situation of a country. Demographic and household factors have strong influence on infant and child mortality. So, the aim of this study is to identify the effec...

Birth intervals (time between two successive live births) if short are associated with diverse complications. We assessed birth interval and its predictors among 613 married women who gave birth from January 1 to December 30, 2008. Data were collected in April 2012. Life table and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to estimate cumulative probabilities and median birth interval, respectively. Log rank...

BACKGROUND Use of biomass fuels has been shown to contribute to ill health and complications in pregnancy outcomes such as low birthweight, neonatal deaths and mortality in developing countries. However, there is insufficient evidence of this association in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the Malawian population. We, therefore, investigated effects of exposure to biomass fuels on reduced birth weigh...

archives of 228 patients hospitalized at psychiatric centers of iran university of medical sciences during the period 1994-1995. with the diagnosis of schizophernia were reviewed and data on birth order and family size were collected. results showed that there was no significant relationship between disrtibution of illness and birth order. most of patiennts were the last child – usually 9th or ...

This study examines the consequences of relaxing birth quotas by exploiting an exogenous two-child policy adopted local Chinese governments on different dates. Using China’s 2015 population census combined with a difference-in-differences framework, we find that adoption substantially increases number second-child births. The impact is more pronounced among couples who have higher fertility pre...

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the characteristics of fatal child maltreatment in families with multiple births in Japan. An exhaustive information search was performed to find multiple-birth cases between July 2003 and March 2011. There were 437 cases of fatal maltreatment of children aged 0-17 years during this period, including 14 involving multiple-birth children. A keyword...