Cholesterol was extracted from amniotic fluid, saponified, converted to its trimethylsilyl derivative, and gas chromatographed, with cholesteryl acetate as the internal standard. The method is sufficiently accurate and precise for use with the range of concentrations of cholesterol found in amniotic fluid (5 to 48 mg/litre). Total cholesterol was measured in amniotic fluids collected at differe...

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) is widely distributed in tissues and biological fluids. To determine whether SLI is also present in amniotic fluid, samples obtained by amniocentesis from 30 normal and 27 abnormal pregnancies were studied by radioimmunoassay. Direct incubation of [(125)I-Tyr(1)]tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SRIF) with amniotic fluid resulted in 89% tracer degradation. ...

We hypothesized that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates amniotic fluid transport across the amnion by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in amnion cells and that amniotic PGE2 concentration correlates positively with intramembranous (IM) absorption rate in fetal sheep. The effects of PGE2 at a range of concentrations on VEGF 164 and caveolin-1 gene expressions wer...

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that fetal urine contains a substance(s) that regulates amniotic fluid volume by altering the rate of intramembranous absorption of amniotic fluid. In late gestation ovine fetuses, amniotic fluid volumes, urine, and lung liquid production rates, swallowed volumes and intramembranous volume and solute absorption rates were measured over 2-day periods unde...

We report a method for rapid prenatal detection of methylmalonic acidemia, consisting of measuring methylmalonly-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2) activity in non-cultured amniotic cells and measuring the concentration of methylmalonate in the amniotic fluid. Immediate stabilization of the mutase activity in the non-cultured amniotic cell by its coenzyme adenosycobalamin, and use of methylmalonyl-CoA wi...

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare, yet catastrophic event. In the United States it occurs in 1 per 20,000 to 30,000 births. With an 86% maternal mortality rate, amniotic fluid embolism is responsible for 10-15% of all maternal deaths. This article presents a case study of a CNM's experience with a maternal and fetal death resulting from an amniotic fluid embolism. Pathogenesis and appropriate m...

Amniotic fluid represents rich sources of stem cells that can be used in treatments for a wide range of diseases. Amniotic fluid- stem cells have properties intermediate between embryonic and adult mesenchymal stem cells which make them particularly attractive for cellular regeneration and tissue engineering. Furthermore, scientists are interested in these cells because they come from the amnio...

is widely accepted that for lung development to proceed normally, physical space in the fetal thorax must be adequate and amniotic fluid must be brought into the lung with fetal breathing movements. Thus, it follows that extrinsic compression of the fetal thorax causes hypoplasia, either by inhibiting respiratory movements or by forcing out fluid from the lungs. The latter hypothesis was suppor...

TLRs are pattern recognition transmembrane receptors that play key roles in innate immunity. A recently discovered soluble truncated form of TLR2 (sTLR2) acts as a decoy receptor, down-regulating the host inflammatory response to bacteria. To identify the presence and functional role of sTLR2 in modulating the intraamniotic inflammatory response to infection, we studied 109 amniotic fluid sampl...