Chemical reactors are the most influential and therefore important units that a chemical engineer will encounter. To ensure the successful operation of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) it is necessary to understand their dynamic characteristics. A good understanding will ultimately enable effective control systems design. The aim of this paper is to introduce some basic concepts of chem...

In living tissues, a cell is exposed to chemical substances delivered partially to its surface. Such a heterogeneous chemical environment potentially induces cell polarity. To evaluate this effect, we developed a microfluidic device that realizes spatially confined delivery of chemical substances at subcellular resolution. Our microfluidic device allows simple setup and stable operation for ove...

background: yazd waste stabilization pond facilities consist of three stabilization pond systems, module 1, module 2 and module 3 that awsp module 1 has started its operation. the existing facilities have had several problems in their operation. the objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance of stabilization ponds in wastewater treatment of the city of yazd, due to several pro...

The design and operation of a simple, optically-accessible modular reactor for probing thermal thin film deposition processes, such as atomic layer deposition processes (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is described. This reactor has a nominal footprint of 225 cm(2) and a mass of approximately 6.6 kg, making it small enough to conveniently function as a modular component of an optical ...

Continuous wave operation of quantum cascade lasers is reported up to a temperature of 312 kelvin. The devices were fabricated as buried heterostructure lasers with high-reflection coatings on both laser facets, resulting in continuous wave operation with optical output power ranging from 17 milliwatts at 292 kelvin to 3 milliwatts at 312 kelvin, at an emission wavelength of 9.1 micrometers. Th...

Reversible chemical delithiation/lithiation of LiFePO(4) was successfully demonstrated using ferrocene derivatives, based on which a novel energy storage system--the redox flow lithium-ion battery (RFLB), was devised by integrating the operation flexibility of a redox flow battery and high energy density of a lithium-ion battery. Distinct from the recent semi-solid lithium rechargeable flow bat...

The potential for inferring the presence of cancer by the detection of miRNA in human blood has motivated research into the design and operation of DNA-based chemical amplifiers that can operate in bodily fluids. As a first step toward this goal, we have tested the operation of a DNA-based autocatalytic network in human serum and mouse serum. With the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to preve...

Given a database D of three dimensional (3D) graphs and a query graph Q, the problem of substructure search is deened as nding the graphs in D that contain Q. This is an important search operation in scientiic databases. This paper extends the search operation to nd those graphs D in D that \approximately" contain Q in the presence of rotation , translation, distortion, and node insert/delete i...

In many ways, mid-infrared spectroscopy would appear to be the ideal technology for on-line chemicals analysis. After all, IR spectroscopy is the only analytical method which provides both ambient temperature operation and the ability to directly monitor the vibrations of the functional groups which characterize molecular structure and govern the course of chemical reactions. In principle, IR a...

This chapter describes the main parameters and the different techniques used to characterize an anaerobic bioreactor and how to apply the obtained information to learn how to operate it. In this kind of biological systems, the large number of processes, operating parameters and removed compounds involved makes necessary to combine knowledge from both Microbiology and Chemical Reactor Engineerin...