Floods can pose a number of safety and health hazards for flood-affected populations and rescuers and bring risk of injuries, infections, and diseases due to exposure to pathogenic microorganisms and different biological and chemical contaminants. The risk factors and possible health consequences for the rescuers involved in evacuation and rescuing operations during the May 2014 flood crisis in...

The skin is an important organ of defense adaptation and a portal of entry for xenobiotics. It is vulnerable to physical, chemical, and biologic agents and capable of expressing responses to these agents in a variety of pathologic patterns. These patterns are characterized by morphologic and functional features which are elicited by careful examination and test procedures. Cutaneous cancer may ...

Sulfur mustard has been used as a vesicant chemical warfare agent. To investigate the ocular damage it causes, we studied the effects on chemical casualties in the Iran-Iraq War. The patient population consisted of more than 5,000 chemical casualties, both military and civilian. The range of ocular damage was wide. The most common ocular effects were conjunctivitis and photophobia. Patients wit...

OBJECTIVE To determine eye care services sought outside the regular hospital system and their providers. STUDY SETTING Akwapim South district METHOD Questionnaire survey and in depth interviews. RESULTS We recruited 1,537 persons with a previous history of eye disease and alternate service providers (21 chemical shop attendants and 55 herbalists). There was no significant difference betwe...

Neuronal behaviour is profoundly influenced by extracellular stimuli in many developmental and regeneration processes. Understanding neuron responses and integration of environmental signals could impact the design of successful therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and nerve injuries. Here, we have investigated the influence of localized extracellular cues on polarization (i.e. axon formati...

BACKGROUND Ocular trauma is the leading cause of monocular visual disability and noncongenital unilateral blindness in children. This study describes the epidemiology and medical care associated with nonfatal pediatric (≤ 17 years of age) eye injury-related hospitalization in the largest industrial base for plastic toy production in China. METHODS A population-based retrospective study of pat...

The authors analyze experimental intoxication manifestations under the effects of chemical compounds of different classes using various morphologic methods including cytospectrophotometric analysis of the activities of a number of redox and hydrolytic enzymes. Types of structural and metabolic restructuring of the elements and microcirculatory bed of some organs during their toxic injury are de...

Ocular injuries caused by deploying airbags are well-described in the literature and can be either mechanical or chemical in nature. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing an isolated paracentral scotoma noted immediately after an airbag injury. The use of optical coherence tomography revealed an anatomical correlate of the scotoma. The authors discuss a likely mechanism...

CONTRACT NUMBER DAMD17-94-C-4045 TITLE: Brain Damage Caused by Chemical Warfare Agents: Are Free Radicals a Final Common Pathway? PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Thomas L. Pazdernik, Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Kansas Mental Retardation Research Center Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7336 REPORT DATE: August 1998 TYPE OF REPORT: Final PREPARED FOR: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Det...

Chemical burns represent a small proportion of cutaneous burn with an incidence of up to 10.7%, but have been reported to account for up to 30% of all burn deaths. A review of the literature shows incidences ranging from 2.4% to 10.7%, with a substantial predominance in males. Adult patients with a burn referred to our Regional Burns Centre, over an eight-year period, were identified. 185 chemi...