The emerging interest in using stable bedrock formations for industrial purposes, e.g., nuclear waste disposal, has increased the need for understanding microbiological and geochemical processes in deep crystalline rock environments, including the carbon cycle. Considering the origin and evolution of life on Earth, these environments may also serve as windows to the past. Various geological, ch...

Although anaerobic lagoons are used globally for livestock waste treatment, their detailed microbial cycling ofN is only beginning to become understood. Within this cycling, nitrification can be performed by organisms that produce the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase. For denitrification, the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide can be catalyzed by two forms of nitrite reductases, and N,O can be re...

Understanding soil–plant–microbe inter- and intra- interactions are essential for ensuring proper soil health, quality, soil-mediated ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling) required human–plant–animal life. Intensive unsustainable farming practices can decrease microbial biodiversity, fertility, quality leading to degradation, impaired cycling, the incapability of support plant growth. Und...

Ecosystems are complex entities composed of diverse organisms expressing a myriad of life histories, body sizes, and metabolic pathways embedded in a dynamic physical and chemical environment. A suite of internal processes create an intricate web of relationships that control the flow of energy and materials within and between ecosystems. Contributing to the complex nature of ecosystems is the ...

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com transport of PS into electrolyte under high concentration gradient and internal electric field. Introducing chemical interaction between functional groups/polar sites on the host with PS is emerging as a more effective approach for caging sulfur species.[5] Recent reports found that using functionalized carbon[6,7] and m...

In hyperdiverse tropical forests, the key drivers of litter decomposition are poorly understood despite its crucial role in facilitating nutrient availability for plants and microbes. Selective logging is a pressing land use with potential for considerable impacts on plant-soil interactions, litter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Here, in Borneo's tropical rainforests, we test the hypothes...

In this paper, digital quantitative detection of nucleic acids was achieved at the single-molecule level by chemical initiation of over one thousand sequence-specific, nanoliter isothermal amplification reactions in parallel. Digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR), a method used for quantification of nucleic acids, counts the presence or absence of amplification of individual molecules...

The field of zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is currently experiencing a rapid growth, owing the progress in optical magnetometry, and also attractive features ZULF NMR, such as low hardware cost excellent spectral resolution achieved under conditions. In this work, an approach proposed demonstrated for simultaneous acquisition ZULF-NMR spectra individual 13C-con...

Previous models of the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell have not addressed the interaction between the electrical, chemical, and mechanical components of cell function during the development of active tension. These models are primarily electrical, biochemical or mechanical in their orientation, and do not permit a full exploration of how the smooth muscle responds to electrical or mechanical...