Metronidazole, chemically a nitroimidazole is an antiprotozoal drug, which has broad spectrum cidal activity against anaerobic protozoa, anaerobic and microaerophillic bacteria. It was introduced in 1959 for trichomoniasis, and later found to be highly active amoebicide. Metronidazole after entering the cell by diffusion, its nitro group is reduced by certain redox proteins to a highly reactive...

We present the case of a healthy 76-year-old man with a whitish, hyperkeratotic lesion of the lower lip diagnosed as actinic cheilitis (AC) previously treated with classic red light photodynamic therapy 5 years ago. Initial treatment with 5% imiquimod cream - also with intensified application - failed. After 2 cycles thrice daily, consecutive applications of 150 μg/g ingenol mebutate gel at 3 w...

AIM The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the oral soft tissue lesions in patients referred to the geriatric unit "Dr. Joaquin Quintero", National Institute of Gerontology. STUDY DESIGN 340 patients were clinically evaluated, of these 266 were institutionalized and 74 were seen at the outpatient clinic, age ranging 60 to 104 years. 212 were females and 128 males....

Introduction: In recent years, more and people have become infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Of great importance in the course of HIV infection are symptoms diseases, which often occurs oral cavity a corresponding decrease lymphocytes.Aim: The aim study was to present most common diseases patients Virus like hairy leukoplakia, Candidas, angular cheilitis, Linear Gingival Erythema, Her...

We present a general theory of spin-to-orbital angular momentum (AM) conversion of light in focusing, scattering, and imaging optical systems. Our theory employs universal geometric transformations of non-paraxial optical fields in such systems and allows for direct calculation and comparison of the AM conversion efficiency in different physical settings. Observations of the AM conversions usin...

We report an integrated compact technique that can "spin" and "twist" light on a silicon photonics platform, with the generated light beams possessing both spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). It demonstrates the potential of SAM/OAM optics for on-chip integration.