Driver braking behavior was analyzed using time-series recordings from naturalistic rear-end conflicts (116 crashes and 241 near-crashes), including events with and without visual distraction among drivers of cars, heavy trucks, and buses. A simple piecewise linear model could be successfully fitted, per event, to the observed driver decelerations, allowing a detailed elucidation of when driver...

A typical urban signalized intersection poses significant modeling and control challenges in a mixed traffic environment consisting of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) human-driven (HDVs). In this paper, we address the problem deriving safe trajectories for CAVs that prioritizes rear-end collision avoidance when preceding HDVs approach yellow red signal phases intersection. We present predic...

PURPOSE Rear-end crashes attribute to a large portion of total crashes in China, which lead to many casualties and property damage, especially when involving commercial vehicles. This paper aims to investigate the critical factors for occupant injury severity in the specific rear-end crash type involving trucks as the front vehicle (FV). METHODS This paper investigated crashes occurred from 2...

CONTEXT Backing crash injures can be severe; approximately 200 of the 2,500 reported injuries of this type per year to children under the age of 15 years result in death. Technology for assisting drivers when backing has limited success in preventing backing crashes. OBJECTIVES Two questions are addressed: Why is the reduction in backing crashes moderate when rear-view cameras are deployed? C...

Driver warning systems are under development to improve safety in driving; yet the integration of these systems in cars may increase the complexity of driving, especially in high workload situations. Critical human factors issues arise, such as how the interaction between alerting schemes, system reliabilities, and distractions combine to affect human performance and situation awareness. An exp...

Neck injuries caused by rear-end collisions have become a major problem in traffic safety over the last two decades, however, surprisingly little effort has been made so far to improve car seat and head rest design. Several studies have shown, that whiplash injuries can be reduced by minimizing the gap between head and head restraint during the first phase of a rear-end impact. On the other han...

The interstellar reaction of ground-state carbon atom with the simplest polyyne, diacetylene HCCCCH , is investigated theoretically to explore probable routes to form hydrogen-deficient carbon clusters at ultralow temperature in cold molecular clouds. The isomerization and dissociation channels for each of the three collision complexes are characterized by utilizing the unrestricted B3LYP/6-311...

In this study, a detailed three-dimensional head-neck (C0-C7) finite element (FE) model developed previously based on the actual geometry of a human cadaver specimen was used. Five simulation analyses were performed to investigate the kinematic responses of the head-neck complex under rear-end, front, side, rear- and front-side impacts. Under rear-end and front impacts, it was predicted that th...

Half of all road accidents result from either lack driver attention or maintaining insufficient separation between vehicles. Collision the rear, in particular, has been identified as most common class accident UK, and its influencing factors have widely studied for many years. Rear-mounted stop lamps, illuminated when braking, are primary mechanism to alert following drivers need reduce speed b...