bilateral spontaneous tubal ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of extra uterine pregnancy. the diagnosis is usually made intraoperatively and levels of serum bhcg and ultrasound has not been useful in the diagnosis of bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy. a 33-year-old woman with 8 weeks amenorrhea and sever lower abdominal pain was admitted. a transvaginal pelvic ultrasound revealed left adnexa...

Human chorionic gonadotropin has been used for decades, in addition to specific investigations, to detect pregnancy, trophoblastic tumors, as well as congenital defects. Rarely, it can be elevated in  non-trophoblastic tumors such as squamous cell cancers and germ cell tumors. A 33-year-old Asian Syrian female had irregular menses accompanied with feelings of heaviness in the vagina. In additio...

Gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT) most commonly follows a molar pregnancy. In fact, it can occur following gestational events such as induced or spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and term pregnancy. In this study, we present the case of a patient with ectopic pregnancy who was treated with a single dose of methotrexate (MTX). The maximum titer of beta subunit of human chorionic gonad...

A 25-year-old lady G2P1L1A0 presented to the emergency room with four-day history of lower abdominal pain and six weeks’ amenorrhea. Her sexual and past medical history was unremarkable. Her previous delivery was by cesarean section. The vital signs were within normal limits. Physical examination was also within normal limits except for mildto-moderate lower abdominal tenderness on palpation wi...

The uterine cervix is a rare implantation site for ectopic pregnancy, surgical management should be carefully considered due to the risk of severe hemorrhage associated with this treatment. Methotrexate (MTX) is well documented as an effective medical approach in early gestations and low human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) levels yielding good results. This is the case,of a 39 year old woman w...

objective: to evaluate the importance of cytokine type in embryo implantation in uterus specified and activated macrophages interfere the tube movements and embryo retention in uterine tubes by smooth muscle relaxation and disrupting ciliary function. therefore, increased risk of infection with hp during pregnancy, we investigated relation between helicobacter pylori (hp) infection and prevalen...

background: no consensus has been reached on prognostic value of serum concentration of β (beta) subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hcg) in treatment response to methotrexate in management of ectopic pregnancy. therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate this subject through a systematic review and meta-analysis. materials and methods: an extensive literature search on online databas...