BACKGROUND It is important to ensure an adequate sodium and volume balance in neurosurgical patients in order to avoid the worsening of brain injury.Indeed, hyponatremia and polyuria, that are frequent in this patient population, are potentially harmful, especially if not promptly recognized.Differential diagnosis is often challenging, including disorders, which, in view of similar clinical pic...

Normal sodium levels in the extracellular fluid are range of 135–145 mmol/L. Low serum (hyponatraemia) is a common water and electrolyte balance disorder. Dehydration overhydration most causes hyponatraemia children. This paper describes case 2.5-year-old boy admitted to paediatric ward due pneumonia. The child showed reluctance intake, hypoosmolar with hypouricaemia, increased urinary excretio...

Introduction and Aims: Calcium nephrolithiasis is a complex disease with multiple pathogenetic mechanisms. The role of salt wasting and the subsequent volume depletion in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and kidney stone formation remains speculative. The only known monogenic disorder associated with salt wasting/volume depletion, hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis/ nephrocalcinosis is Bartte...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the Neonatal Screening Program (NSP) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) of the Department of Health of the State of Santa Catarina (Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, SES/SC), and provide information to improve the program. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Descriptive, retrospective study of 748,395 children screened between January 2001 and December 2010. We analyz...

Contribution of salt wasting and volume depletion to the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia is poorly understood. Pendrin/NCC double KO (pendrin/NCC-dKO) mice display severe salt wasting under basal conditions and develop profound volume depletion, prerenal renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis and are growth retarded. Microscopic examination of the kidneys of pendrin/NCC-dKO...

OBJECTIVE The protocols for glucocorticoid replacement in children with salt wasting 21-hydroxylase deficiency are well established; however, the current recommendation for mineralocorticoid replacement is general and suggests individualized dose adjustments. This study aims to retrospectively review the 9-α-fludrocortisone dose regimen in salt wasting 21-hydroxylase deficient children who have...

Salt appetite was investigated in 14 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia of the salt-wasting form (SW group), 12 patients with the simple virilized form who are not salt losing, and 18 healthy siblings. Salt appetite was evaluated by questionnaire, preference tests, and dietary analyses. The findings showed that SW who were not therapeutically normalized showed increased salt appetite ...