Abstract The world’s most valuable resource is water in addition to being essential life, freshwater also used many other processes, including those that involve agriculture, industry, and human consumption due interference with its quality, it continues be a limited resource. Fresh potable supply, particularly urban areas, has been severely impacted by population increase, urbanization, consum...

Premise of research. Accumulating data from phylogenetic analyses living taxa and paleobotany (pollen, leaves, floral structures) has greatly improved our understanding the Cretaceous rise to dominance angiosperms. Relatives near-basal family Chloranthaceae were conspicuous in Early Cretaceous. These include female flowers adhering pollen (Asteropollis) that resemble those genus Hedyosmum, but ...

Rewetting of long-term drained fens often results in the formation of eutrophic shallow lakes with an average water depth of less than 1 m. This is accompanied by a fast vegetation shift from cultivated grasses via submerged hydrophytes to helophytes. As a result of rapid plant dying and decomposition, these systems are highly dynamic wetlands characterised by a high mobilisation of nutrients a...

The reconstruction of evolution. Heredity 18:553. (Abstr.) FARMS, J. S. 1986. On the boundaries of phylogenetic systematics. Cladistics 2:14r-27. FARRIS, J. SV AND A. G. KLUGE. 1986. Synapomorphy, parsimony, and explanatory power. Taxon 35:298306. FARRIS, J. S., A. G. KLUGE, AND M. J. ECKARDT. 1970. A numerical approach to phylogenetic systematics. Syst. Zool. 19:172-179. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1982. ...

In vascular plants there are at least eight ways to develop polymerous whorls, i.e., whorls with four or more leaves. Six ways are presented and compared with literature to estimate organ identity (morphological significance) of the leaflike whorl members. New shoots (also seedlings) may start with dimerous or trimerous whorls. Then leaf number per whorl rises as follows: (1) Many taxa add more...

Abstract In Central Yakutia (Siberia) livelihoods of local communities depend on alaas (thermokarst depression) landscapes and the lakes within. Development dynamics these are closely connected to climate change, permafrost thawing, catchment conditions, land use. To reconstruct lake development throughout Holocene we analyze sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) biogeochemistry from a sediment cor...

Aquatic weeds pose several problems in India. The canals of Chambal commanded area in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and Bhakra-Nagal in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab have been greatly slowed by the aquatic weeds. Several irrigation and hydroelectric projects in the country like Tungabhadra project in Karnataka, Nagarjuna Sagar project in Andhra Pradesh and Kakki and Idikki reservoirs in Kerala are...