Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS), including reticulum cell sarcoma, microglioma, and histiocytic lymphoma, represents less than 1% of all primary brain tumors. In the last 10 years, this tumor has tripled in frequency in the nonimmunosuppressed population. By 1991, the tumor will be the most common neurological neoplasm by virtue of the increase in sporadic occurrence and in...

This chapter provides an overview of the major stages of prenatal central nervous system (CNS) development. CNS development plays the central role in the primary argument of this book. That argument is that the prenatal CNS is particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbations because it is rapidly developing during that time period. Further, we argue that many of the learning and behaviora...

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is an unusual but increasingly frequent brain tumor being identified by neurologists. Considerable improvements in survival have been accomplished by the addition of chemotherapy to cranial radiotherapy. In addition, many patients achieve substantial disease free survival with chemotherapy alone, and survival is superior to radiotherapy alone. Curre...

Patients with primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) usually manifest with multiple enhancing bilateral hemispheric lesions. We presented an extremely rare clinical course and follow-up of a patient with PCNSV affecting only a single (right) hemisphere. A 33-year-old previously healthy man presented with a left hand clonic seizure followed by a secondary generalized tonic-clonic seiz...

Primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL) represent a subgroup of malignancies with specific characteristics, aggressive course, and unsatisfactory outcome in contrast with other lymphomas comparable for tumour burden and/or histological type. Despite a high chemo- and radiosensitivity, remissions are frequently shortlasting, mainly because the blood brain-barrier limits the access of many drugs to the CNS...

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its incidence has increased during the last 3 decades and has been reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised patients are affected at a younger age compared with immunocompetent patients. It presents with raised intracranial pressure and focal neurologic and n...

Noncoding ribonucleic acids micro-RNA is involved in the regulation of gene expression have major roles in the post-transcriptional level. A micro-RNA alone several causes down regulation of mRNA transcript of the target. Thus, small changes in the expression of a micro RNA may lead to significant changes in gene expression are different. Micro- RNA as key regulators of immune cell lineage diff...