Intravenous (IV) drug administration is preferable and IV access is quickly and most easily achieved via a peripheral cannula inserted into a large peripheral vein. If there are no visible peripheral veins, the external jugular vein should be considered. Lower limb veins should be avoided due to impairment of venous return below the diaphragm during cardiac arrest. Intravenous drug administrati...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) has been considered for many years to be a major cause of loss in the French trout industry. The high prevalence of VHS in certain geographic areas made a control strategy based on control policy unfeasible. This provided the impetus for immunoprophylaxis development that resulted in 3 successive types of vaccines: inactivated, live attenuated and recombinan...

Route of administration is an important contributor to the adverse health consequences of prescription medication abuse. The current study examines characteristics associated with non-oral routes of administration among a large sample of prescription opioid abusers and explores needle-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors as well. In the study, 791 opioid abusers completed a...

Nanometer sized semiconductors, or quantum dots (QDs) are sought after for their size-dependent photoluminescent properties. The synthesis of QDs in the past has been by the hot solvent injection approach. An alternative to hot solvent injection is aerosol route formation, which has the potential to be a continuous and large scale QD production method. This study focused on; (a) the aerosol rou...

In rabbits immunized by the injection of suspensions of heat-killed pneumococci the results obtained as regards not only the development of agglutinating and mouse protective antibodies, but also the persistence of these bodies in the blood depend to a considerable extent upon the route of immunization and the size of the inocula. Agglutinins may appear in the sera of all the rabbits except tho...

Vaccinia virus (VV) is a powerful tool for cancer treatment with the potential tumor tropism, efficient cell-to-cell spread, rapid replication in cells, and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. It has well-defined safety profile being assessed late-stage clinical trials. However, VV utility limited by bloodstream neutralization poor penetration into tumors. These factors have often restricted it...

In this study, IP administration of acetaminophen and its half-life were investigated. Acetaminophen as an analgesic drug ordinarily is used in tablets or syrup form. Therefore, there is no report about administration of acetaminophen through injection. Acetaminophen in ED50 dose (200 mg/kg) was injected into the animals intraperitoneally, and its analgesic effect was investigated by formalin t...

Suicidal poisoning by ingestion of organophosphate (OP) insecticides represents a serious emergency with a high mortality rate. However, attempted suicide via the parenteral route has rarely been reported. The present study reports a case of parasuicide by self-injection of an organophosphorus insecticide (phoxim, phenylglyoxylonitrile oxime O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate) into the distal region ...

Kentucky bluegrass can produce quality fairways in the Midwest if it is not mowed too short. Keep track of research. Climates vary widely across the Midwest, complicating the choice of fairway turf grass species. New epidemics of gray leaf spot have weakened the popularity of perennial ryegrass, long a preferred fairway species in many parts of the Midwest. Cultivars are available that accentua...