to date, stem cell therapy is a novel treatment method especially in irreversible end organ damage. we present a case of a 21-yr-old man, who admitted in sina hospital, tehran university of medical sciences, iran with open left femur fracture following car accident. developing fat emboli syndrome led to cardiac arrest. despite of efforts to optimize supportive care and neuroprotective strategie...

The control of growth of lymphocyte populations is crucial to the physiological regulation of the immune system, and to the prevention of both leukaemic and autoimmune disease. This control is mediated through modulation of the cell cycle and regulation of cell death. During log-phase growth the rate of proliferation is high and there is a low rate of cell death. As the population density incre...

Beyond their nutritional effect, short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, modulate cell differentiation, proliferation, motility, and in particular, they induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A bovine kidney epithelial cell line (Madin-Darby bovine kidney; MDBK) was used to investigate the cell cycle regulatory and apoptotic effects of butyrate. Butyrate not only induced apoptosis but al...

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) seems central to tumor growth and progression because it up-regulates genes essential for angiogenesis and the hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells, which is why HIF-1alpha inhibition is viewed as a cancer therapy strategy. Paradoxically, HIF-1alpha also leads to cell cycle arrest or the apoptosis of cancer cells. Thus, the possibility cannot be ruled ...

UNLABELLED The tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) has a well-studied role in triggering cell-cycle checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Previous studies have suggested that functional p53 enhances chemosensitivity. In contrast, data are presented to show that p53 can be required for cell survival following DNA damage due to activation of reversible cell-cycle checkpoints. The cellular outcome to DNA ...

Because cell proliferation is subject to checkpoint-mediated regulation of the cell cycle, pharmacophores that target cell cycle checkpoints have been used clinically to treat human hyperproliferative disorders. It is shown here that the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodionium can block cell proliferation by targeting of cell cycle checkpoints. Brief exposure of mitotically arrested cells t...

The primary methyl group donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is important for a plethora of cellular pathways including methylation of nucleic acids, proteins, and the 5' cap structure of mRNAs, as well as biosynthesis of phospholipids and polyamines. In addition, because it is the cofactor for chromatin methylation, SAM is an important metabolite for the establishment and maintenance of epigeneti...

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1A (HIF-1A) seems central to tumor growth and progression because it up-regulates genes essential for angiogenesis and the hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells, which is why HIF-1A inhibition is viewed as a cancer therapy strategy. Paradoxically, HIF-1A also leads to cell cycle arrest or the apoptosis of cancer cells. Thus, the possibility cannot be ruled out that HIF-1A ...

Human germ cell tumors show a strong sensitivity to genetic background similar to Dnd1(Ter/Ter) mutant mice, where testicular teratomas arise only on the 129/SvJ genetic background. The introduction of the Bax mutation onto mixed background Dnd1(Ter/Ter) mutants, where teratomas do not typically develop, resulted in a high incidence of teratomas. However, when Dnd1(Ter/Ter); Bax(-/-) double mut...

AU-rich elements (AREs) and microRNA target sites are conserved sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA) 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) that control gene expression posttranscriptionally. Upon cell cycle arrest, the ARE in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) mRNA is transformed into a translation activation signal, recruiting Argonaute (AGO) and fragile X mental retardation-related protein 1 (FXR...