INTRODUCTION Studies suggest that the HIV-1 epidemic in the Netherlands may have become more virulent, leading to faster disease progression if untreated. Analysis of CD4 cell count decline before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, a surrogate marker for disease progression, may be hampered by informative censoring as ART initiation is more likely with a steeper CD4 cell count decline. ...

As antiretroviral therapy becomes more affordable, valid, reliable, and inexpensive laboratory tests are also needed to monitor the progression of disease in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The CD4(+) T-cell counts estimated by Capcellia, an immunocapture method, and flow cytometry were compared and were correlated with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) load. There was a significant ...

Interleukin (IL)-7 is known to up-regulate thymopoietic pathways of T-cell regeneration. Recent work also has shown it to potently enhance thymic-independent peripheral expansion and to restore immunocompetence in athymic T-cell–depleted hosts. We hypothesized that endogenous IL-7 could contribute to the restoration of T-cell homeostasis following T-cell depletion. To analyze this, we evaluated...

BACKGROUND CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count testing is the standard method for determining eligibility for antiretroviral therapy (ART), but is not widely available in sub-Saharan Africa. Total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) have not proven sufficiently accurate in identifying subjects with low CD4 counts. We developed clinical algorithms using TLCs, hemoglobin (Hb), and body mass index (BMI) to id...

Thioredoxin (Trx) is an intracellular redox protein with extracellular cytokine-like and chemokine-like activities. We show here that, although plasma Trx levels are unrelated to survival of HIV-infected individuals with CD4 cell counts above 200/microl blood, survival is significantly impaired (P = 0.003) when plasma Trx is chronically elevated in HIV-infected subjects with CD4 T cell counts b...

Background: count to less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 is a major risk factor for colonization with species and development of candidiasis speciation and their correlation with CD4+ cell counts in HIV therapy (ART) Methodology: 500 HIV study. All HIV patients underwent clinical examination and were subjected to CD4+ cell counts. rinse samples were obtained and processed conventional methods. ...

Introduction. Due to chronic inflammation, maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients continue show excess mortality. Acetate-free citrate-buffered A concentrates could be a way improve the biocompatibility of procedure, reduce and thus in long term prognosis patients. Methods. Using pre-post design (3 months acetate followed by 3 citrate-acidified standard bicarbonate-based dialysate hemodialysis...

BACKGROUND HIV-infected controllers control viral replication and maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts. Long Term Non-Progressors (LTNP) also maintain normal CD4+ T cell counts, but have on-going viral replication. We hypothesized that different immunological mechanisms are responsible for preserved CD4+ T cell counts in controllers and LTNP. METHODS 25 HIV-infected controllers and 14 LTNP were...