Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy for human urogenital imaging has the potential to diagnose many important diseases, such as endometrial and prostate cancers. We have specifically developed a 12.7 mm diameter, rigid, side-scanning PA endoscopic probe for such applications. The key features of this endoscope are the streamlined structure for smooth cavity introduction and the proximal actuation mech...

Just prior to the emergence of the tooth into the oral cavity, a small circular crater forms in the gingival epithelium immediately above the crown. The craters appear to expand in diameter during eruption to accommodate the emerging crown of the tooth. The observations support the concept that the crown of the tooth does not actively push through and rupture the gingival epithelium, but rather...

A double-achromatic, double-focusing magnet system of very small size is described which will be used in the injection line for an undulator in a FEL experiment . Because of the double focusing no quadrupoles are needed between the dipole, which couples the electrons in the FEL cavity, and the undulator. An example will be worked out for an electron bunch of 25 MeV, 100 Awhich is focused on a s...

Laser evaporation of MoS(2) nanoflakes gives negatively charged magic number clusters of compositions Mo(13)S(25) and Mo(13)S(28), which are shown to have closed-cage structures. The clusters are stable and do not show fragmentation in the post-source decay analysis even at the highest laser powers. Computations suggest that Mo(13)S(25) has a central cavity with a diameter of 4.5 A. The nanoshe...

The cavity that occurs when a body enters water has huge effect on the underwater motion of body. Based theory incompressible potential flow, model for study water-entry dynamics is established. numerical process divided into two phases. In first phase, no forms and fluid slides continuously upward along surface. When particles surface separate from during calculation second phase. Calculating ...

We report experimental evidence of spontaneous formation of localized structures in a 80 μm diameter Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) biased above the lasing threshold and under optical injection. Such localized structures are bistable with the injected beam power and the VCSEL current. We experimentally investigate the formation of localized structures for different detunings bet...

We present the fabrication and characterization of monolithically integrated transceiver chips with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and PIN photodetectors for bidirectional optical data communication at 850 nm wavelength over a single butt-coupled standard multimode fiber. With such a low-cost transmission configuration, data rates of 9Gbit/s in back-to-back mode and 7Gbit/s ov...

We demonstrate by finite-difference time-domain simulations in 2D and 3D that optical cavities in realistic finite photonic crystals have lifetimes and modal volumes that are essentially insensitive to disorder (of various types, including surface disorder and randomized positions), even with unphysically large disorder. A lifetime Q = 10(8) is demonstrated in a 3D single-mode cavity with a hal...

We cooled ultrathin tapered fibers to cryogenic temperatures and controllably coupled them with high-Q microsphere resonators at a wavelength close to the optical transition of diamond nitrogen vacancy centers. The 310-nm-diameter tapered fibers were stably nanopositioned close to the microspheres with a positioning stability of approximately 10 nm over a temperature range of 7-28 K. A cavity-i...

Hepatic hydatid cysts may cause serious complications. Intraperitoneal rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst is rarely seen and the prognosis can be fatal. By experience, we know that it might be difficult to diagnose an unruptured cyst expulsed into the peritoneal cavity. In this report, we present the case of a 54-year-old man with an intraperitoneal cystic mass of 10 cm of diameter which had extru...