Control of bleeding from the transected liver basically consists of vascular inflow occlusion and control of hepatic venous backflow from the caval vein. Central venous pressure determines the pressure in the hepatic veins and is an extremely important factor in controlling blood loss through venous backflow. Vascular inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver) involves clamping of the portal vein and ...

Liver transplantation with preservation of the recipient vena cava (piggyback technique) has been performed as an alternative to the conventional method. Outflow disturbance or obstruction of the vena cava in the early period after liver transplantation is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We used side-to-side cavo-caval anastomosis (modified piggyback technique) in a deceased-donor...

Kidneys were transplanted in mongrel dogs so that renal venous drainage was into the portal system of the hosts. Thirty-one recipients were not treated, 11 were given one dose of 3 mg of azathioprine per kg, and 11 were given 2 mg of azathioprine per day. Survival was not statistically increased compared with that in three comparable series in which renal venous drainage was into the vena cava,...

A 33 year old male with no known risk factors for hypercoagulability developed a massive thrombi in the inferior vena cava (IVC). The patient had a history of both pulmonary embolism and embolism related syncope. The thrombus which extended proximally to the level of the renal vein and distally to the left superficial femoral vein did not respond to anticoagulant therapy or thrombolysis. Thirte...

The Fontan surgical procedure used for treating patients with single ventricle congenital heart disorders results in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) of the vena cavae to the pulmonary arteries (PAs). Sluggish TCPC flow and elevated hepatic venous pressures are commonly observed in this altered physiology, which in turn can lead to long-term complications including liver congestion and c...

BACKGROUND Small intestine transplantation has been accepted worldwide to treat complex cases of intestinal failure. Canine intestinal transplantation model is important in training the surgical technique and to study the complications of this procedure. Systemic graft venous drainage is frequently performed in clinic, although the consequences of this partial meso-caval shunt have not been stu...

Discrete stretch of the caval-atrial junction decreases the activity of vasopressin-secreting neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). The perinuclear zone (PNZ) of the SON is necessary for inhibition of vasopressin neurons following an increase in blood pressure. To determine whether the PNZ is necessary for cardiopulmonary regulation of vasopressin neurons, male rats received three unilateral...

In their interesting narrative review about nontranspulmonary contrast echocardiography, Soliman et al. devoted a section to discuss the greater sensitivity of venous femoral injection of contrast for the detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO) as compared with venous brachial injection. This has been explained by intraatrial flow streaming, with inferior caval vein flow directed to the interat...

Portal Hypertension can be due to many causes other than cirrhosis. We report a case of extra hepatic portal vein obstruction leading to portal hypertension and varices, managed successfully by creating a Porto Caval shunt.

A case of recurrent massive pulmonary embolization through a modified Miles' clip two weeks after successful emergency pulmonary embolectomy is reported. Vena caval ligation is probably a safer alternative in these critically ill patients.