Techniques for using the Monte Carlo method to evaluate fuzzy Riemann integrals and improper fuzzy Riemann integrals are proposed in this paper. Owing to the α-level set of the (improper) fuzzy Riemann integral being the closed interval whose end points are the classical (improper) Riemann integrals, it is possible to invoke the Monte Carlo method to approximate the end points of the α-level cl...

function, 51 Riemann integral, 51 adjoint bilinear form, 65 almost separably valued, 53 Ascoli Theorem, 8 Banach space reflexive, 6 separable, 2 Banach-Steinhaus Theorem, 5 Bessel’s inequality, 9 biharmonic, 61 bilinear form, 55, 58 bounded, 58 strongly positive, 58 Bochner-Pettis Theorem Theorem, 53 Bounded Inverse Theorem, 6 Calculus in W 1,p(I;X) Theorem, 54 Campanato ’63 Theorem, 86 Campana...

In this paper we introduce an abstract integral which includes both product integrals and additive integrals. Thus our theory of Riemann integration embraces both the product integrals of Volterra [l, 2, 3](2), Birkhoff [3], and Masani [l] and the classical additive integrals of Riemann [l] and Stieltjes [l]. Similarly our theory of Lebesgue integration includes the Lebesgue product integrals o...

In this paper, we investigate the composite midpoint rule for the evaluation of Cauchy principal value integral in an interval and place the key point on its pointwise superconver-gence phenomenon. The error expansion of the rule is obtained, which shows that the superconvergence phenomenon occurs at the points of each subinterval whose local coordinate is the zeros of some function. Then, by a...