Metal catalyzed oxidation via the oxidative system Cu(2+)/ascorbate is known to induce aggregation of therapeutic proteins, resulting in enhanced immunogenicity. Hence, inclusion of antioxidants in protein formulations is of great interest. In this study, using recombinant human insulin (insulin) as a model, we investigated the ability of several excipients, in particular triethylenetetramine (...

Cooperative catalysis between Cu(II) and redox-active organic cocatalysts is a key feature of important chemical and enzymatic aerobic oxidation reactions, such as alcohol oxidation mediated by Cu/TEMPO and galactose oxidase. Nearly 20 years ago, Markó and co-workers reported that azodicarboxylates, such as di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD), are effective redox-active cocatalysts in Cu-cata...

There is longstanding environmental concern regarding endocrine disrupting chemicals and wastewater treatment facilities’ inability to remove them. Estrogens in particular, including 17 β-estradiol, 17 α-ethynylestradiol, and bis-phenol A, have been reported to depress cortisol levels and cause development of intersexual gonads in fish, along with various additional disruptions to the endocrine...

It is reported that chlorogenic acid is widely distributed in plants (7) and is the principle polyphenol in tobacco leaves (8). When the tissues of the tobacco plant are injured, the polyphenols are oxidized and then polymerize, forming a brown pigment. This oxidation is reported to be catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase. Polyphenol oxidase has been identified in many species of plants and the enzy...

The mechanism of energy conversion in a direct glycerol fuel cell (DGFC) is governed by the anode supported heterogeneous steps of glycerol electro-oxidation. In aerated alkaline electrolytes, glycerol also participates in a base catalyzed process, which can release certain species mixing with the anode catalyzed surface products. As a result, selective probing of the surface catalytic reaction...

Laccase belongs to the superfamily of multicopper oxidases and has been widely investigated in recent decades. Due its mild efficient oxidation substrates, laccase successfully applied organic catalytic synthesis, degradation harmful substances, other green fields. Nevertheless, there are few reports on catalysis with laccase. This review focuses reporting collating some latest interesting lacc...

Arsole-containing conjugated polymers are a practically unexplored class of materials despite the high interest in their phosphole analogues. Herein we report the synthesis of the first dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]arsole derivative, and demonstrate that it is stable to ambient oxidation in its +3 oxidation state. A soluble copolymer is obtained by a palladium-catalyzed Stille polymerization and demo...

This report describes a slow addition protocol for the Fe(PDP)-catalyzed aliphatic C–H oxidation reaction. Under this protocol, the reaction can be productively driven to higher conversions without decreasing site-selectivity or chemoselectivity. The operational advantages of this procedure are highlighted in the oxidation of two complex natural product derivatives. Hydroxylated products can be...

Palladium-catalyzed oxidation can single out the secondary hydroxyl group at C3 in glucose, circumventing the more readily accessible hydroxyl at C6 and the more reactive anomeric hydroxyl. Oxidation followed by reduction results in either allose or allitol, each a rare sugar that is important in biotechnology. Also, N-acetylglucosamine is selectively oxidized at C3. These results demonstrate t...

Purified and microsomal preparations of prostaglandin H synthase catalyzed the arachidonic acid-dependent polymerization of acetaminophen and, in the presence of GSH, catalyzed the formation of 3-(glutathion-S-yl)acetaminophen. The formation of these products was inhibited by indomethacin and by purging reaction mixtures with argon. When H2O2 replaced arachidonic acid, neither indomethacin nor ...