Most enveloped viruses enter cells through binding of virion surface envelope proteins to receptors found on the plasma membrane of the cell. The beta retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) uses transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) to enter cells in a pH-dependent mechanism, probably co-trafficking with TfR1 to an acidic compartment where virus entry occurs. We have shown here that, although mous...

An 18-year-old female black leopard (Panthera pardus) showed renal failure, leukocytosis and presence of subcutaneous masses in the lower abdominal region and right shoulder; she eventually died. Histopathological observations included a mammary gland carcinoma with comedo, solid and tubulopapillary patterns in subcutaneous tissue, and highly proliferated tumor cells in systemic organs. The tum...

BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a naturally occurring linoleic acid isomer found in ruminant-produced foods, has the potential to serve as an effective chemopreventive nutriceutical factor for breast cancer prevention based upon previous published studies. There are several CLA isomers in ruminant-produced food products, among which t10,c12-CLA and c9,t11-CLA are more potent. Express...

In previous experiments with the spontaneous C3H mouse mammary tumor it was observed that antisera produced in rabbits with filtrates from this tumor inhibited the hemolytic effect of 10 per cent saline suspensions of mammary tumors on mouse red blood cells (2). This inhibition was achieved only by sensitization of the mouse red blood cells, which in the nonsensitized state were hemolyzed by th...

The t10,c12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis, metastasis from a transplantable mouse mammary tumor and angiogenesis; however, it stimulates mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice overexpressing ErbB2 in the mammary epithelium (ErbB2 transgenic mice). In the current study, we report that a 4-week supplementation of the diet with 0.5% trans-10, cis-12...

The production of plasminogen activator (PA) and its regulation by hormones and other effectors were studied in organ cultures of primary rat and mouse mammary tumors. PA was quantitated using the radioiodinated fibrin plate method. The level of PA in tumor tissue was 10- to 100-fold higher than that in normal rat or mouse mammary glands; the rates of PA secretion were 10- to 1000-fold higher i...

The production of plasminogen activator (PA)and its regulation by hormones and other effectors were studied in organ cultures of primary rat and mouse mammary tumors. PA was quantitated using the radioiodinated fibrin plate method. The level of PA in tumor tissue was 10to 100-fold higher than that in normal rat or mouse mammary glands; the rates of PA secretion were 10to 1000-fold higher in the...

background: chemo-immunotherapy is one of the new achievements for treatment of cancer, by which the success of anti-cancer therapy can be increased. in vitro studies have been shown that arteether (are) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. objective: to investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of arteether in-vivo and in-vitro. methods: in this study, we ...

Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating the biologic behavior of breast cancer. In veterinary oncology, there is a need for improved prognostic markers to accurately identify dogs at risk for local and distant (metastatic) recurrence of mammary gland carcinoma and therefore would benefit from adjuvant therapy. Collagen density and fiber ...