BACKGROUND Knowledge about Alburnoides remains lacking relative to many other species, resulting in a lack of a systematic position and taxonomic diagnosis. Basic biological information for Alburnoides has been constructed, and it is necessary to understand further and obtain more information about this species. Its phylogenetic relationships are still debated and no molecular data have been us...

Rule induction (either directly or by means of decision trees) and case-based learning (forms of which are also known as instance-based, memory-based and nearest-neighbor learning) arguably constitute the two leading symbolic approaches to concept and classification learning. Rule-based methods discard the individual training examples, and remember only abstractions formed from them. At perform...

This paper proposes a Radial Basis Function (RBF) based approach for the fuel injection control problem. In the past neural controllers for this problem have centred on using a CMAC type neural network with some success. Here we show that an RBF network with a fraction of the size of the CMAC network is capable of delivering superior control performance on a mean value engine model simulation. ...

The purpose of the study was to determine the microbiological status of 161 samples cooled and frozen fish products collected from retail markets in the Republic of Bulgaria. The highest total viable counts (TVCs) in cooled fish products were established for silver carp (7.30 log cfu/g), Black sea roach (7.28 log cfu/g) and trout (7.11 log cfu/g), followed by common carp (6.81 log cfu/g), vacuu...

We studied the association between environmental stress and epidermal papillomatosis of roach Rutilus rutilus L. in Finnish waters using a 'matched pairs' design. Populations impacted by industrial and/or sewage effluents were compared to reference populations from pristine sites. We examined both the prevalence (proportion of diseased fish) and intensity (number of scales covered by tumors) of...

The bacterial Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for CO2-reductive acetogenesis is important for the nutritional mutualism occurring between wood-feeding insects and their hindgut microbiota. A key step in this pathway is the reduction of CO2 to formate, catalyzed by the enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH). Putative selenocysteine(Sec) and cysteine(Cys) containing paralogs of hydrogenase-linked FDH (FDHH) h...

The spatial and temporal structure of spider communities was studied in the clay semi-desert of the north-western Caspian Lowland, western Kazakhstan (49°23' N, 46°47' E). The soils and vegetation are complex, being composed of a mosaic of desert and steppe plant communities. Besides the native associations, there are plantations of different tree species. The ground-dwelling spider assemblages...

Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) are dominant species in northern-temperate lakes of Europe, their relative importance depending on trophic state habitat complexity. We studied the distribution roach over a 15-year period two Danish lakes, Lake Væng, undergoing major changes water clarity macrophyte coverage, permanent turbid Søbygård. used multi-mesh sized gill nets 5-6 di...