In this work, we investigate how applying human-like characteristics to customer service chatbots can influence retail outcomes. This is an important managerial question as creating effective chatbot experiences through messaging platforms has proven difficult for organizations. Often, developers apply such giving a human name, adding humor, and so on, without knowing these features end user be...

The aim of this paper is to define and isolate the drivers speculative cash hoarding phenomena in publicly traded non-financial American firms before after financial crisis 2008. model presented uses previous literature defined transaction precautionary motives for holding as control variables, introduces new measures market endorsement economic conditions, that were never used context. Empiric...

Features like the distributed ledger, consensus mechanism, asymmetric encryption technology, smart contract and Token of blockchain can lower transaction cost, enhance trust between customers merchants, as well eliminate false payment consumer information leakage, problems which are common in current cross-border E-Commerce platform. Based on analysis existing scholars, this paper studied two m...

Digital platforms, such as Alibaba and Amazon, operate an online marketplace to facilitate transactions. This paper studies a platform’s business model choice between accepting cash issuing tokens, well the implications for welfare, resiliency, interoperability. A platform free rides on existing payment infrastructure profits from collecting transaction fees. token earns seigniorage, albeit bear...

cash is a critical source for business enterprises and creating balance between available cash and the required cash is the most important factor concerning the economic viability of a business enterprise. both of the companies that do not hold enough cash or hold too much cash, face too much problems. this paper investigates the impact of deviation from the estimated optimal cash level on firm...

Traditional payment methods such as credit cards are not suitable for small amount payment because the transaction may cost certain commission comparable to the small amount payment. When we buy a cheap item at real shop, we pay by cash. But, how about online shopping where you cannot pay by cash? There are a ton of contents online having potential value to sell but not as expensive as credit c...

In this paper we shall introduce a new electronic payment concept based on the popular direct debit payment model, entitled periodical payments. The direct debit model currently in use online is neither secure nor flexible, and requires a leap of faith by the customer who must trust the merchant to behave honestly. Electronic direct debit request (DDR) forms are not signed by both parties in a ...

Financial markets are complex systems, all the information scattered around the market is fairly and dynamically reflected in the current prices. However, it is difficult to understand the dynamics of markets merely by traditional analyzing methods. We here propose a new concept inspired by complex networks to study the trading behavior and the dynamics of markets. A web-based platform for pred...

the purpose of this study is to assess the transaction cost of borrowing from non-governmental investment development funds which are established in less than a decade. transaction costs are considered as significant and limiting factors for micro-borrowers in using formal loans. the required data are provided by the investment developing support’s parent company using the stratified random sam...

This research journal discusses the analysis of managing transaction exposure using hedging techniques in multinational companies. The purpose this is to analyze management case study company PT. Pertamina. problem solver from regarding with used by PERTAMINA. method descriptive quantitative research. form written notes, typed interview transcripts, or video and audio recordings that contain da...