I characterize the class of type 〈1〉 quantifiers (or, equivalently, type 〈1, 1〉 quantifiers satisfying Conservativity and Extension) that are recognized by deterministic pushdown automata in terms of the associated semilinear sets of vectors in N. These semilinear sets are finite unions of linear sets with at most two generators each, which are taken from a common three-element set of the form ...

UNLABELLED The mucosal epithelium is the initial target for respiratory pathogens of all types. While type I interferon (IFN) signaling is traditionally associated with antiviral immunity, we demonstrate that the extracellular bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae activates the type I IFN cascade in airway epithelial and dendritic cells. This response is dependent upon the pore-forming to...

Most real-time systems require responsive interrupt handling. Programming of interrupt handlers is challenging: in order to ensure responsiveness, it is often necessary to have interrupt processing enabled in the body of lower priority handlers. It would be a programming error to allow the interrupt handlers to interrupt each other in a cyclic fashion; it could lead to an unbounded stack. Until...

Shewanella putrefaciens CN-32 contains a single Type I-Fv CRISPR-Cas system which confers adaptive immunity against bacteriophage infection. Three Cas proteins (Cas6f, Cas7fv, Cas5fv) and mature CRISPR RNAs were shown to be required for the assembly of an interference complex termed Cascade. The Cas protein-CRISPR RNA interaction sites within this complex were identified via mass spectrometry. ...

Despite the advantages and simplicity of stack machines, they are not very often found or supported in commercial computer systems. This paper explains the need for stacks in modern programming languages and describes three dimensions used to categorize the different stack implementations. Furthermore, we will discuss the application and support of stacks and their integration in modern computi...

We show that the canonical bundle of Hurwitz stack classifying covers genus g>1 and degree k>2 projective line is big. all coarse moduli spaces trigonal curves are general type.