background: selling unpasteurized fruit juices is common in iran. since health standards are not met in preparation and distribution of these products, food infections may increase. the objective of this study was to assess microbial contamination of handmade fruit juices in gorgan, iran. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in the first half of 2009. overall, 100 carrot and cantal...

Monitoring tools for detecting the presence of fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.) are a critical part of effective IPM programs for these pests in greenhouse production systems. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of yellow sticky cards for monitoring adult fungus gnats; similarly, potato disks placed on the surface of the growing media in pots have been shown to be effective monitoring tools...

Introduction: The Stardust mission to comet Wild 2 trapped many cometary and ISM particles in aerogel, leaving behind 'tracks' of melted silica aerogel on both sides of the collector [1]. Collected particles and their tracks range in size from submicron to millimeter scale. Interstellar dust collected on the obverse of the aerogel collector is thought to have an average track length of ~15μm [2...

The expanding production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have raised concerns about the potential risk of those materials to food safety and human health. In a prior study, the accumulation of Zn, Cu, and Ce from ZnO, CuO, or CeO2, respectively, was examined in carrot (Daucus carota L.) grown in sand culture in comparison to accumulation from exposure to equivalent concentrations of ...

The respiration of carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots is stimulated by ethylene. Polyribosomes were shown to proliferate concomitantly with the increase in respiration, and the extent of polyribosome augmentation was closely correlated to the amount of respiratory stimulation. In addition to the increase in quantity, ethylene caused a 2-fold increase in the average polyribosome size, suggesting ti...

Polyclonal antibodies able to recognize protein-acetaldehyde conjugates were produced and characterized. The antibodies react with sodium cyanoborohydride-reduced Schiff's bases between acetaldehyde and a protein, independently of the nature of the macromolecule binding the acetaldehyde moiety. Only conjugates between acetaldehyde or propionaldehyde and a protein are recognized; conjugates obta...

A modified assay for inhibition of ice recrystallization which allows unequivocal identification of activity in plant extracts is described. Using this assay a novel, cold-induced, 36 kDa antifreeze protein has been isolated from the tap root of cold-acclimated carrot (Daucus carota) plants. This protein inhibits the recrystallization of ice and exhibits thermal-hysteresis activity. The polypep...

Stability of collusion in differentiated oligopolies is studied without symmetry restrictions on the available strategies. It is demonstrated that if the number of firms is sufficiently large, two-phase stick-and-carrot punishment schemes apply at the highest possible discount rate with respect to collusion on the joint profit-maximizing output. If stick-and-carrot punishment schemes are used, ...

Paenibacillus dauci sp. nov., a new kind of endophytic actinobacteria, is separated from the inner tissues of carrot sample, which forms intimated associations with carrot acting as biological control agents. Here we report a 5.37-Mb assembly of its genome sequence and other useful information, including the coding sequences (CDSs) responsible for biological processes such as antibiotic metabol...