The inorganic scaffold of the spicules, the skeletal elements of the calcareous sponges, is formed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The growth of the approximately 300-μm large spicules, such as those of the calcareous sponge Sycon raphanus used in the present study, is a rapid process with a rate of about 65 μm/h. The formation of CaCO3 is predominantly carried out by the enzyme carbonic anhydras...

Silicate urinary calculi are rare in humans, with an incidence of 0.2% of all urinary calculi. Most cases were related to excess ingestion of silicate, typically by taking magnesium trisilicate as an antacid for peptic ulcers over a long period of time; however, there also existed unrelated cases, whose mechanism of development remains unclear. On the other hand, zonisamide, a newer antiepilept...

ID No: 65 ABSTRACT This research studies the self-healing potential of early cracks in cement-based materials incorporating carbonic anhydrase (CA) bacteria. CA bacteria can accelerate the CO2 hydrated reaction then transfer CO2 to HCO3 which can react with soluble Ca(OH)2 on the surface of specimens. Calcium carbonate deposits because of the reaction of HCO3 with Ca.This research studies the s...

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) has been focused as biological catalysis for CO2 sequestration process because it can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate. Here, codon-optimized sequence of α type-CA cloned from Duneliala species. (DsCAopt) was constructed, expressed, and characterized. The expression level in E. coli BL21(DE3) was better for codon-optimized DsCAopt than intact sequence of D...

The activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase, an enzyme involved in heme biosynthesis, has been shown to increase in Friend virus-transformed murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells during erythroid differentiation. In this study, the nature of the increase in ALA dehydratase activity in MEL cells was examined using a monospecific antibody directed to the enzyme. A sevenfold increase ...

Present understanding of gene expression in erythropoietic tissues is derived solely from studies of the globin genes. Of the three distinct carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase; carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, carbonic anhydrase I is erythrocyte-specific and, in humans, is under developmental control. The appearance of carbonic anhydrase I in the erythrocyte late in fetal lif...

The developmental profile and cellular localization of carbonic anhydrase C (carbonate dehydratase; carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) in the neural retina of chicken embryos and adults were investigated by immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Carbonic anhydrase C is present in the retina by the 3rd day of embryonic development. In the undifferentiated retina, it is detectable in vir...

In green unicellular algae, several polypeptides are induced upon exposure to limiting CO2. We report here on the localization and characterization of one of these, a 22-kDa polypeptide in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This nuclear-encoded polypeptide is induced in the mitochondria by a lowering of the partial pressure of CO2 in the growth medium from 5% to air CO2 levels. Sequencing of two differ...

Two threonine dehydratases, I and 11, were found to occur in Euglena gracilis and each enzyme was purified partially. Like the biosynthetic threonine dehydratases of other organisms, dehydratase I was feedback-inhibited by isoleucine and not affected by adenylates. Dehydratase I1 was not influenced by branched-chain amino acids and adenylates. Occurrence of dehydratase 11, with a much higher ac...

Adenosylcobalamin-dependent glycerol dehydratase undergoes inactivation by glycerol, the physiological substrate, during catalysis. In permeabilized cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the inactivated enzyme is reactivated in the presence of ATP, Mg2+, and adenosylcobalamin. We identified the two open reading frames as the genes for a reactivating factor for glycerol dehydratase and designated them...