The in vitro incubation of human sickle cell erythrocytes (SS RBCs) with sodium cyanate results in significant prolongation of their 'Cr intravascular survival (1, 2). This effect appears to be mediated through carbamylation of the amino terminal valine residue in the hemoglobin S molecule which results in inhibition of erythrocyte sickling (3). Initial clinical studies have shown that the oral...

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is a crucial enzyme in carbon fixation and the most abundant protein on earth. It has been studied extensively by biochemical and structural methods; however, the most essential activation step has not yet been described. Here, we describe the mechanistic details of Lys carbamylation that leads to RuBisCO activation by atmospheric CO(2)....

Both the large (LS) and small (SS) subunits of Rubisco are subject to a plethora of co- and post-translational modifications. With the exceptions of LS carbamylation and SS transit sequence processing, the remaining modifications, including deformylation, acetylation, methylation, and N-terminal proteolytic processing of the LS, are still biochemically and/or functionally undefined although the...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe recent progress concerning rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated autoantibodies, in particular antibodies to citrullinated proteins antigens. RECENT FINDINGS An increasingly diverse and RA-associated repertoire of antibodies has been defined over the last few years. These antibodies are preferentially, but not exclusively, reactive with posttranslationally modifie...