Angiotensin II maintains renal cortical blood flow and renal oxygenation in the clipped kidney of early 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertensive (2K,1C) rats. The involvement of Ang II is believed to decline, whereas oxidative stress increases during the progression of 2K,1C hypertension. We investigated the hypothesis that the acute administration of drugs to inhibit reactive oxygen species (Te...

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of candesartan 32 mg and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg combination in patients with severe essential hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, open-label, single-group study, 106 previously untreated patients with a baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 150-200 mmHg, and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 110 to 120 mmHg, started with ...

OBJECTIVE Pre-treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers is known to improve neurological outcome after stroke. This study investigated for the first time, whether the renin inhibitor aliskiren has similar neuroprotective effects. METHODS Since aliskiren specifically blocks human renin, double transgenic rats expressing human renin and angiotensinogen genes were used. To achieve a systolic ...

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for heart failure. Diabetes mellitus causes other age-related cardiovascular diseases. We assessed the hypothesis that hearts from diabetic animals are associated with accelerated aging processes. We also examined the effect of an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) on the expression of senescence-associated molecules. METHODS AND R...

The present study aimed to explore the role of angiotensinReceptor-Blocker in the management of anxiety. Male Swiss albino mice of age 6-8 weeks and weight 25-30 g were used in the present study. Candesartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) was administered in two doses (1 and 2 mg/kg; i.p.) to mice for 14 successive days regularly. anxiety was induced in mice by two different methods: (i) exposi...

We have shown previously that stimulation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)R) results in nerve facilitation. In this study, we determined the capacity of candesartan to correct expression patterns characteristic of neuropathy and AT(2)R-mediated neurite outgrowth in the fructose-induced insulin-resistant rat, which is one of the human hyperinsulinemia models. Wistar rats received a 1...

Cardiac AT(2)R expression is upregulated in the normal process of aging. In this study we determined the contribution of AT(2)R to chronic antihypertensive and remodelling effects of AT(1)R blockade in aged hypertensive rats. Adult (20 weeks) and senescent (20 months) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with either the AT(1)R antagonist, candesartan cilexetil (2 mg/kg/day), the ...

Water deprivation activates sympathoexcitatory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN); however, the neurotransmitters that mediate this activation are unknown. To test the hypothesis that ANG II and glutamate are involved, effects on blood pressure (BP) of bilateral PVN microinjections of ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists, candesartan and valsartan, or the ionotropic glutamate rec...