Human molars show considerable anatomic variations with respect to number of roots and root canals. The most common form of the permanent maxillary first molar has three roots and four canals, two mesiobuccal canals and one distobuccal and palatal canal each. 98.3% of maxillary first molar have been reported to have a single distobuccal canal. Two canals were found only 1.7% of the time, hence ...

Endodontic treatment failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial persistence, improperly cleaned and obturated root canals, faulty coronal seal (leakage), untreated canals (missed canals). The presence bacteria such as Enterococcus (E.) faecalis inside the canal system is most common cause endodontic failure. These are more resistant to disinfectants, resulting in an infe...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is critical to have a proper knowledge of the normal anatomy of the pulp and its variations for the success of endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the canal configuration and the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular first and second premolars in a North-Western Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 163 extracted mandibular ...

OBJECTIVE Because of the great challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of "C" configuration and lack of any systematic information about its occurrence, the purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of C shaped root canals in Iranian population. METHODOLOGY An exhaustive search was undertaken to identify published and unpublished researches related to the C-shaped canals b...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine radiographically the different reasons and problems of endodontic treatment failure. METHODS The periapical radiographs of 100 patients with one hundred teeth (130 root canals) were examined to identify the problems and failures of endodontic treatment. The various reasons of failure that is under filling, poor filling, over filling and...

The author was not satisfied with the present concept about the strength of the transversalis fascia that is said to prevent inguinal hernia formation in the normal individuals. Therefore, this study was conducted to see the anatomical status of transversalis fascia and presence or absence of aponeurotic extensions in the posterior wall of the inguinal canals as were described by some stalwarts...

AIM To evaluate the interference of the intracanal medication Calen® (SSWhite, Sao Paulo, Brazil) on the filling of simulated lateral canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty human anterior teeth were used. Before the endodontic filling procedures the access of cavity was made, and after this root canals were made in all the teeth to simulate the presence of lateral canals. After preparation, the...

Stable intercellular bridges called ring canals form following incomplete cytokinesis, and interconnect mitotically or meiotically related germ cells. We show that ring canals in Drosophila melanogaster males are surprisingly different from those previously described in females. Mature ring canal walls in males lack actin and appear to derive directly from structural proteins associated with th...

We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to compare bacterial profiles in periodontium and root canals of teeth with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. Samples of dental plaque and necrotic pulp were collected from thirteen extracted teeth with advanced periodontitis. Genomic DNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using universal bacterial primers. Th...

Introduction: The main goal of root canal treatment is to prevent or heal formation of apical periodontitis. Complexity of root canal anatomy presents clinical challenges related to treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the root canal system of mandibular 2 nd premolar in north Indian subpopulation using periapical radiographs and CT Dentascan. No such st...