Strategic leadership has been proposed as critical to organizational effectiveness. As African economies transition from socialist to open market states, strategic leadership will be instrumental to the effectiveness of African organizations. Unfortunately, few studies of strategic leadership in African organizations exist. To fill this gap, a model of strategic leadership is proposed here. Str...

Background and Aim: The Primary Health Care (PHC) system is the most comprehensive, equitable and efficient way to promote people's health and social welfare by providing preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliatvie services in a place close to where people live and work. Iran's PHC system faces challenges that limit its effectiveness and efficiency. The aim of this study was to identify...

The involvement of citizens in developmental endeavors is crucial to achieving rapid and enduring progress. However, the social context often displays varying attitudes that impact community participation. Despite numerous studies on citizen engagement, there a shortage research how different environmental factors influence development. This study, investigated could predict citizens’ participa...

We live in the age of Big Data, yet many areas of environmental management are still suffering from a lack of relevant data, information and knowledge that impedes sound decision making. A highly relevant phenomenon is therefore the so-called citizen observatories whereby the observations of ordinary citizens, and not just those of professionals and scientists, are included in earth observation...

Introduction The Twentieth Century has seen efforts to more directly involve individuals in governmental decision-making. A series of policies and methods to accomplish this generally goes under the name of citizen participation. Two threads of thought underlie the notion of citizen participation, individuals as consumers of government services and individuals as citizens with appropriate right...

In the networking age, Chinese government have done much on official online platforms for providing service and improving interaction between government to citizen (G2C). However the problem is the G2C platforms seem always could attract only part of citizen participation. Although most previous studies discuss e-participation, e-government service adoption from technological perspectives or pe...

Trust, along with transparency, is an important indicator of a satisfactory relationship between a government and the public. Considering transparency as the key to trust in government, the purpose of this paper is to postulate a link between transparency and trust taking into account satisfaction as a psychological factor. This paper tries to find the answer of these questions: “Is there...

BACKGROUND Effective leadership is essential to passing through obstacles facing the health field.The current health care system in Iran has major problems and gaps in the field of effective leadership. The aim of this study was to evaluate hospital managers' leadership style through selfassessment and to determine the correlation between leadership styles with healthcare executives' leadership...

Citizen participation has been included as part of health reform, often in the form of lay health authorities. In Canada, these authorities are variously known as regional health boards or councils. A set of challenges is associated with citizen participation in regional health authorities. These challenges relate to: differences in opinion about whether there should be citizen participation at...