Monoids of elementary transformations are associated to certain equational varieties in order to describe the corresponding free objects; in some regular cases, these monoids reduce to groups, and the word problem for the free objects of the variety is connected with the existence of normal forms for the members of the associated group. 1. The general framework Let "V be an equational variety [...

Interpretation Abstract Interpretation examples partial evaluation and assert Show low overhead of tabling in meta interpreter due to how tables are implemented as triesInterpretation examples partial evaluation and assert Show low overhead of tabling in meta interpreter due to how tables are implemented as tries CHAPTER META PROGRAMMING AI of a Simple Nested Procedural Language see warren xsb ...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. DL 1266-5), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. MSFH 17) and mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. P 9072] were grown in field under atmospheric (360 +/- 10 cm3 m(-3), AC) and elevated (650 +/- 50 cm3 m(-3), EC) CO2 concentrations in open top chambers for entire period of growth and development. Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 was examined by com...

To investigate the effects of two cadmium-tolerant bacteria, Staphylococcus pasteuri (S. pasteuri X1) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens X2), on cadmium uptake by the cadmium hyperaccumulator plant Beta vulgaris var. cicla L., a pot experiment with artificially contaminated soil was conducted. The results demonstrated that both cadmium-tolerant bacteria enhanced the dry weight of Bet...

BACKGROUND There is an interest in finding new and safe antioxidants from natural sources such as medicinal plants. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ten Iranian medicinal plants extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS For antioxidant activity, the radical scavenging activity, reducing power and phenolic contents of ethanol plant extracts were determined. ...

Films of f a t t y acids from 12 to 22 carbons were prepared by adsorp t ion on glass microscope slides from cetane solutions. Var ia t ions in dens i ty were achieved (1) by using a range of concent ra t ions wi th a fixed shor t t ime of immersion and (2) by subsequent immersion in cetane of the most dense films. Elec t ron diffraction pa t t e rns showed an increasing average t i l t of the ...

In four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) an optimal estimate of the initial state of a dynamical system is obtained by solving a large-scale unconstrained minimization problem. The gradient of the cost functional may be efficiently computed using the adjoint modeling, at the expense equivalent to a few forward model integrations; for most practical applications, the evaluation...

We analyze the optimal portfolio policies of expected utility maximizing agents under VaR Capital Requirement (VaR-CR) regulation in comparison to the optimal policy under exogenouslyimposed VaR Limit (VaR-L) and Limited-Expected-Loss (LEL) regulations. With VaR-CR regulation the agent strategy consists of simultaneous decisions on both the portfolio VaR and on the implied amount of required el...

In biotransformations carried out under similar conditions enzymatic systems from carrot (Daucus carota L.), celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum) and horse-radish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) hydrolyzed the ester bonds of acetates of phenols or alicyclic alcohols. Nevertheless, methyl esters of aromatic acids did not undergo hydrolysis. Alcohols were oxidized to ketones in a reversib...