Norovirus (NV) and sapovirus (SV) are members of the family Caliciviridae and are etiologic agents for acute gastroenteritis in humans (1,2). Presently, NV is the more causative of the two for the outbreak of gastroenteritis, whereas only a few outbreaks of SV have been reported. Acute gastroenteritis due to SV occurs mainly in infants and young children (2). Previously, we reported on outbreak...

In-depth understanding of the cell-surface dependent processes leading to virus binding and infection of host cells, including the identification of new receptors mediating the initial steps, is of central importance for the development of new anti-viral therapies. One still poorly understood but highly contagious virus is the human norovirus, which causes acute gastroenteritis. It is a single-...

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a self-limited viral disease that causes acute hepatitis epidemics in developing countries. The common route of transmission for HEV is supposedly fecal-oral. Serological evidence may be unexpectedly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients. Although the route of HEV transmission is not usually determined in HD subject...

First indications of hepatitis E as a distinct disease, which differs from hepatitis A, were found in 1980 when sensitive and specific detection systems for hepatitis A virus (HAV) first became available and hepatitis epidemics were examined in India. Epidemiologic studies up to that time pointed to the fact that these hepatitis infections with clinically very similar course were caused by HAV ...

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a self-limited viral disease that causes acute hepatitis epidemics in developing countries. The common route of transmission for HEV is supposedly fecal-oral. Serological evidence may be unexpectedly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients. Although the route of HEV transmission is not usually determined in HD subject...

Sapovirus (SaV) belongs to the family Caliciviridae and is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in children and adults (6, 2). On the basis of complete capsid gene sequences, SaV can be divided into five genogroups, among which GI, GII, GIV, and GV infect humans, whereas SaV GIII infects porcine species (1). Porcine SaV was initially isolated from a nursing pig with diarrhea, and the isolate in...

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a self-limited viral disease that causes acute hepatitis epidemics in developing countries. The common route of transmission for HEV is supposedly fecal-oral. Serological evidence may be unexpectedly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients. Although the route of HEV transmission is not usually determined in HD subject...

RABBIT haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute and lethal form of viral hepatitis in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a mortality rate in adults ranging from 70 per cent to 100 per cent. RHD was first reported in China in 1984, in Europe in 1986, where it caused severe losses to rabbit, and in Australia in 1996 (Abrantes and others 2012). RHD is caused by the lagovirus RHD virus (RHDV) in th...

To investigate the change in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and its correlation with liver enzymes in hepatitis caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), 15-week-old rabbits were experimentally infected with a Taiwan field isolate of the virus. After RHDV inoculation, it was observed that serum AFP increased significantly (p = 0.0082) together with significant elevation in serum aspart...

The zebrafish model allows in vivo investigations of virus-induced molecular processes at subcellular resolution.Viruses have evolved multiple strategies for disseminating over long distance, including by indoctrinating host cell types with high migration potential.Organoids derived from stem cells emerge as powerful alternatives to unravel new mechanisms viral dissemination. Dissemination and ...