Abstract This special collection is devoted to cabinet reshuffles, which are understood as personnel-related changes within the lifetime of a cabinet. Scholars agree that reshuffles matter in many respects. To begin, they may shape intra-governmental relations, by either intensifying or helping solve conflicts. Further, important instruments for party leaders promote demote representatives, wit...

Research Activity of the History Natural and Medical Sciences Unit at Institute for Science PAS in 2021 In 2021, members pursued a variety topics, but most research activities were inspired by COVID-19 pandemic history museology nature technology. Our fostered international cooperation which facilitated access to foreign archives. The first step joint action is creating virtual cabinet within p...

We examine the relationship between parliamentary seats and cabinet posts in European governments between 1946 and 2001. Our speci ̄cation improves on past studies in two respects. First, it derives and uses the voting weights of the underlying coalition formation games. This reduces the measurement error introduced when seat shares are used to proxy for voting weights. Second, the statistical m...

What is the link between monetary policy and equality? The Bank of England gives occasional briefing sessions to Members of Parliament. At those sessions our main message to the MPs is that when they arrive at the summit of their careers and enter the Cabinet, they will not wish to spend their time dealing with a macroeconomic crisis. Rather, they should devote time in the Cabinet to the discus...

Microbiology safety cabinet disinfection procedures using formaldehyde have been tested. Tubercle bacilli were killed by concentrations of formaldehyde obtained by heating commercial formalin irrespective of whether the bacilli were in the cabinet free space or above the prefilters. However, Bacillus stearothermophilus spore papers for for the testing of low temperature steam/formaldehyde steri...

Many prevailing views contend that African politics are strongly influenced by vertical networks of dyadic patronage relationships that have a damaging effect on political systems, economies, and civil society. Since independence, the increasing size of many African cabinets would, following the literature, indicate a growth in political patronage networks. While these networks may increase the...

This paper investigates the importance of political ideology and opportunism in the choice of the tax structure. In particular, we examine the effects of cabinet ideology and elections on the distribution of the tax burden across factors of production and consumption for 21 OECD countries over the period 1970-2000 by employing four alternative cabinet ideology measures and by using the methodol...

The concept of "Plant factory" could realize the multiple targets of high yield, high quality, high efficiency and security. It had become the trend of agricultural development. It solved the growing contradiction between people's increasing demand for green, organic food and the diminishing agricultural arable area in China. According to the research on the key technologies of plant factory, a...

A party is dominant if there is a majority coalition to which that party belongs such that it affords this party more possibilities to form an alternative winning coalition than any of the other members of the coalition (see Peleg [1980, 1981]). In this article I present empirical evidence showing that an allocation of seats in a parliament is biased toward the high frequency occurrence of a do...