Modern magnetic-memory technology requires all-electric control of perpendicular magnetization with low energy consumption. While spin–orbit torque (SOT) in heavy metal/ferromagnet (HM/FM) heterostructures1–5 holds promise for applications magnetic random access memory, until today, it has been limited to the in-plane direction. Such can switch only deterministically help additional symmetry br...

In the last years, phase field method has established itself for simulation of various problem types, especially in fields microstructure evolution and transformations as well fluid dynamics. Concerning first two cases, usually a constant, deformation-independent, surface energy is considered. this work, however, deformation-dependent elasticity according to [5] will be incorporated into theory...