One of the most common DNA lesions arising in cells is an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site resulting from base loss. Although a template strand AP site impedes DNA synthesis, translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases can bypass an AP site. Because this bypass is expected to be highly mutagenic because of loss of base coding potential, here we quantify the efficiency and the specificity of AP s...

OBJECTIVE To compare the early and late outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and coronary artery bypass graft + mitral valve repair in elderly patients with moderate chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation. METHODS One hundred and fifty elderly (age > 70 years) patients with moderate chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (n=...

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical, angiographic, neurocognitive, and quality of life outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN Randomised controlled clinical trial. SETTING Tertiary cardiothoracic centre in Middlesex, England. PARTICIPANTS 168 patients (27 women) requiring primary isol...

Surgical treatment for diffusely diseased coronary arteries has been considered to be a relative contraindication for off pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting. We report a case of off pump long-onlay-bypass grafting using the left internal mammary artery. To our knowledge, the long-onlay-patch grafting with OPCAB technique has not been previously described. Two sets of Octopus-3 tissue ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was performed to elucidate whether the extent of bypass flow through superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis could be indirectly estimated by measuring the blood flow velocity in the superficial temporal artery (STA) by using duplex ultrasonography. METHODS We analyzed 29 patients (31 sides) who underwent STA-MCA bypass sur...

PURPOSE Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to alter propofol pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these alterations on postoperative pharmacodynamics. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that changes in propofol pharmacokinetics increase hypnotic effects after cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS Twenty patients schedule...

BACKGROUND The authors hypothesized that patients with cerebrovascular abnormalities or metabolic disorders may experience abnormality in cerebral circulation more frequently than patients without these risks. The current study attempted to assess jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO2) in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus or stroke undergoing normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass...

There seems to be a wide range of practice in relation to the optimum oxygen setting before, and at the start of, cardiopulmonary bypass. Even manufacturers of blood oxygenators vary in their suggestions for this phase of extracorporeal circulation. Most of these suggestions are based on peak performance, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards, experience, a...

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe, immune-mediated, adverse drug reaction that paradoxically induces prothrombotic state. Particularly in the setting of cardiac surgery, where full anticoagulation required during cardiopulmonary bypass, management HIT can be highly challenging, and requires multidisciplinary approach. In this short review, different perioperative strat...

Ascending aortic aneurysms are usually treated with graft replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. However, if a candidate for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting has an enlarged ascending aorta, surgeons may consider wrapping it without cardiopulmonary bypass. Here, we report a 78-year-old female who underwent successful wrapping of the ascending aorta concomitant with off-pump coronary ...