Today’s information technology (IT) environments are increasingly subject to escalating cyber attacks. Cyber threats vary widely in sophistication, intent, and the consequences to the targeted systems and networks. The range of attackers extends from users who unintentionally damage systems to hackers, to cyber criminals, to full‐scale cyber spies and cyber warriors; their intentions span from ...

There is an increased sophistication in the provision of financial services by UK financial mutuals. This paper presents evidence of a more complex process of price setting by these firms. From a theoretical model of the determination of deposit rates, the rate setting behaviour of firms is estimated empirically. Controlling for different service provision and firm characteristics heterogeneous...

The approaches to liability valuation, assessment of prudential capital and measurement of profit for life offices are undergoing radical change. A common thread runs through all of these proposed changes ö each change represents a move away from traditional actuarial approaches towards a more economically coherent, market-consistent approach. These changes should encourage a general improvemen...

Threats to data and information assets of Global Financial Services Industry (GFSI) are ever-present; such problems, if not well understood, could lead to huge negative impact. To some extent, the environment where a business operates does matter for its success. This study presents information about the relationships between selected socio-economic factors and information security threats and ...

principles and policy preferences is conditional on political sophistication, dominates the study of public opinion. This article argues that the sophistication-interaction theory does not hold to the degree the consensus claims. Specifically, it challenges the proposition that sophistication promotes the use of domain-specific beliefs and values. Analysis of 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1990 NE...

We document support for the narrow framing effect proposed by Kahneman and Tversky (1981). Our findings that traders in an options market frame complicated investment decisions into the simpler ones support the narrow framing effect. Traders’ professionalism, sophistication and trading experience are negatively related with the degree of narrow framing, implying that these factors help to reduc...

Political sophistication is a concept that encompasses political reasoning, the coherence of people's issue attitudes, and their knowledge of political processes. To what extent is political sophistication affected by genes and environments? Do these distinct but related measures of sophistication share a common genetic structure? We analyze survey data collected from participants in the Minnes...

Diverse computational roles of GABAergic inhibition are often assumed to reflect heterogeneity in the sources of GABA and in the receptors sensing the neurotransmitter. New data suggest that distinct effects on integration of excitatory inputs by cerebellar granule cells might result from different modes of signaling by individual interneurons.