The basal ganglia, especially the ventral striatum, have been implicated in control of action based on motivation1,2,3,4. A prevalent view is that nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons carry reinforcement signals to modulate the cortico-striatal signal transmissions5,6,7. However, it is still unknown how such reinforcement signals affect the output of the striatum in relation to behavior. To answe...

dan Dispensary suffering from the effects of a gunshot injury to his left thigh, received two years ago. The knee-joint and lower half of the thigh were enormously swollen, and at first sight suggested elephantiasis rather than an? other affection. Further examination showed that this swelling was due mainly to hypertrophy of the femur. The wounds of entrance and exit of the bullet had both cic...

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION COMPARISON, FORENSIC ANALYSIS: WEIGHING BULLET LEAD EVIDENCE 1 (2004) [hereinafter cited as NRC REPORT]; FBI National Press Office, National Academy of Sciences Releases FBI-commissioned Study on Bullet Lead Analysis, Feb. 10, 2004, available at http://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel04/bullet021004.htm (“[s]ince the early 1980's this technique has been used in approximately ...

Intracranial foreign bodies during pregnancy is a very rare condition, however its maternal and fetal outcomes are very crucial with regard to morbidity and mortality. Furthermore wounding by firearms is still a public health problem particularly in our country. Intracranial foreign bodies during pregnancy is high risk pregnancy and must be managed with care and multidisciplinary approach. Duri...