Phytochrome B (phyB) enables plants to modify shoot branching or tillering in response to varying light intensities and ratios of red and far-red light caused by shading and neighbor proximity. Tillering is inhibited in sorghum genotypes that lack phytochrome B (58M, phyB-1) until after floral initiation. The growth of tiller buds in the first leaf axil of wild-type (100M, PHYB) and phyB-1 sorg...

Shoot branching patterns depend on a key developmental decision: whether axillary buds grow out to give a branch or whether they remain dormant in the axils of leaves. This decision is controlled by endogenous and environmental stimuli mediated by hormonal signals. Although genes involved in the long-distance signaling of this process have been identified, the genes responding inside the buds t...

Pattern formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the vertebrate limb is established upon activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). Since many mouse mutants with preaxial polydactyly show ectopic expression of Shh at the anterior margin of the limb buds, it has been thought to be a primary defect caused by these mutations. We show here that the mouse muta...

We recently isolated PsAD1 cDNA from pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) seedlings, whose mRNA abundantly accumulated in dormant axillary buds and disappeared after decapitation [Madoka and Mori (2000) Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 274]. To further elucidate the function of PsAD1, we investigated the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of PsAD1 protein using Western blot and immunocytochemical a...

The expression of acrotony (i.e., the increasing size of comparable lateral shoots toward the apex of the main shoot) was similar among first-order shoots borne along previous-year leaders of young Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. and Picea rubens Sarg. trees. The position and nature (i.e., whether cones, second-order shoots or non-flushed buds) of lateral axes borne alo...

We studied the pathogenicity and overwintering survival of the foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae, infecting Hosta spp. Nematodes applied to either lower or upper sides of noninjured and injured hosta leaves were able to infect and produce typical symptoms on nine cultivars. Leaves of only four cultivars (Borschi, Fragrant Blue, Patomic Pride, and Olive Bailey Langdon) showed no symptoms...

The polarization of nascent embryonic fields and the endowment of cells with organizer properties are key to initiation of vertebrate organogenesis. One such event is antero-posterior (AP) polarization of early limb buds and activation of morphogenetic Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling in the posterior mesenchyme, which in turn promotes outgrowth and specifies the pentadactylous autopod. Inactivat...

Taste buds consist of at least three principal cell types that have different functions in processing gustatory signals: glial-like (type I) cells, receptor (type II) cells, and presynaptic (type III) cells. Using a combination of Ca2+ imaging, single-cell reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunostaining, we show that GABA is an inhibitory transmitter in mouse taste buds, acting on GABA(A) and GABA...

limb bud first appears during the third week of gestation with the upper limb buds appearing a few days before the lower limb buds. complete absence of one or more limbs, called amelia, occurs prior to the eighth week of gestation. we report a case of amelia in a twin gestation.

Bud burst is a decisive process in plant architecture that requires light in Rosa sp. This light effect was correlated with stimulation of sugar transport and metabolism in favor of bud outgrowth. We investigated whether sugars could act as signaling entities in the light-mediated regulation of vacuolar invertases and bud burst. Full-length cDNAs encoding two vacuolar invertases (RhVI1 and RhVI...