this study was aimed to assess the causes of the structural decline in the renewal rate of apristine oak forest close to rome (central italy) by analyzing long-term measurements of the water budget in open and fenced areas. despite dry climate conditions in the area, long-term soil moisture measurements at 100 cm soil depth indicated that an enough large amount of water is available to oaks dur...

budget plays an important role in public sector management and administration .one of its components is revenues forecasting and without the necessary accuracy in predicting revenues, government deficit will occur and people are incapable of facing with losses of reducing of important and essential services like education and health care. in this study, the rational expectations hypothesis is a...

In this paper we investigate experimentally the effects of a wage tax financed unemployment benefit system on the development of the budget deficit, unemployment, and some other indicators of economic performance in an international economy. We find support for the hypothesis that out-of-equilibrium price uncertainty affects the behavior of economic agents. Due to uncertainty about prices risk-...

Federal, state, and local park agencies across the nation have faced budget cuts in recent years as a result of the economic downturn and sequestration, resulting in park closures, reduced hours, staffing cuts, and deferred maintenance. For example, California faced closure of 70 state parks in 2012 to trim $22 million from the strapped state budget. Although most parks were saved by contributi...

Abstract. In a warming climate, periods with lower than average precipitation will increase in frequency and intensity. During such periods, known as meteorological droughts, the decline annual runoff may be proportionally larger corresponding precipitation. Reasons behind this exacerbation of deficit during dry remain largely unknown, challenges predictability when occur future how intense it ...