[1] We use a 3-D chemical transport model (the GEOS-Chem CTM) to evaluate a global emission inventory for ethane (C2H6), with a best estimate for the global source of 13 Tg yr , 8.0 Tg yr 1 from fossil fuel production, 2.6 Tg yr 1 from biofuel, and 2.4 Tg yr 1 from biomass burning. About 80% of the source is emitted in the Northern Hemisphere. The model generally provides a reasonable and unbia...

Article history: Received 25 February 2011 Available online 27 August 2011 JEL classification: D44

A conceptual framework for analyzing the credit rationing and the link between credit access and profitability is developed. The empirical analysis using data from manufacturing firms in Bulgaria, provides direct estimates of credit rationing and its impact on profitability in transition economies. The results from the switching regression suggest that the presence of credit market constraints ...

We consider the problem of placing a speciied number p of facilities on the nodes of a given network with two nonnegative edge{ weight functions so as to minimize the diameter of the placement with respect to the rst weight function subject to a diameter{ or sum{ constraint with respect to the second weight function. Deene an (;){approximation algorithm as a polynomial{time algorithm that produ...

In volunteer computing networks, the peers contribute to the solution of a computationally intensive problem by freely providing their computational resources, i.e., without seeking any immediate financial benefit. In such networks, although the peers can set certain bounds on how much their resources can be exploited by the network, the monetary cost that the network brings to the peers is unc...

In this paper, we consider a recently introduced cybersecurity investment supply chain game theory model consisting of retailers and consumers at demand markets with the retailers being faced with nonlinear budget constraints on their cybersecurity investments. We construct a novel reformulation of the derived variational inequality formulation of the governing Nash equilibrium conditions. The ...

Everyone likes Porsche but few can afford it. Budget constraints always play a critical role in a customer’s decision-making. The literature disproportionally focuses on how firms can induce customer valuations toward the product, but does not address how to assess the influence of budget constraints. We study these questions in the context of a referral reward program (RRP). RRP is a prominent...

Our discussion so far has assumed that each agent has quasi-linear utility, meaning that it acts to maximize its valuation vi(ω) for the chosen outcome ω minus the payment pi that it has to make. Thus, a bidder’s utility is a linear function of the payment made. We have placed no restrictions on payments, other than the minimal conditions that they are nonnegative and no more than the bid bi(ω)...

Despite the advantages of structural labor supply methods, many recent papers cite the arguments of MaCurdy et al. as a reason for avoiding structural methods, and instead use simple estimation methods such as differences in differences. This paper examines the role of economic assumptions in structural labor supply methods and how some of the assumptions may be relaxed. We first show the sourc...

The cost of data acquisition limits the amount of labeled data available for machine learning algorithms, both at the training and the testing phase. This problem is further exacerbated in real-world crowdsourcing applications where labels are aggregated from multiple noisy answers. We tackle classification problems where the underlying feature labels are unknown to the algorithm and a (noisy) ...