This article discusses the emergence, transformation, and transmission of an esoteric Buddhist movement that Hoedang (孫珪祥, Kyu-shang Sohn [or Sohn, Gyu-sang], 1902–1963) began in 1940s 1950s. Starting middle eighth century, history Korean Esoteric Buddhism indicates tradition continued to exist (albeit marginally) until Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). However, this case study, which focuses on new ...