The processing of coal waste into building materials from fly ash bottom has been stipulated in Regulation number 22 2021 as Non-Hazardous material, with a note that the management requirements must still meet standards and technical set out listed environmental document approval. Previous studiesstated one physical characteristics use this (fly ash) can be improving quality construction qualit...

The external envelope walls of a significant percentage the residential building stock in Southern European countries is commonly constituted by infill masonry walls. However, thousands square meters this wall typology presents severe issues cracking and instability, related to incorrect deficient support conditions outer brick panel double-leaf solution. In work, an experimental campaign divid...

Energy retrofit of existing masonry buildings has become attractive to meet demands for reduction in energy consumption. Retrofit may, however, introduce moisture risk that needs be assessed. Hygrothermal simulation analysis is often conducted this respect. Nevertheless, hygrothermal interior insulated bare brick exposed driving rain can challenging due the many aspects involved determine heat-...

The traditional open channel slope protection retaining wall structure generally adopts cast-in-place concrete, mortar or dry masonry stone, gabion structure, ecological bag, etc. construction of these structural forms has a single function, huge labor consumption, and large number on-site use. Mortar concrete cause serious environmental pollution, they only play protective role on the surface,...

Brick structures have been found in the Sambimaya Village, Juntinyuat District, Indramayu Regency. The structure is on several dirt mounds rice field area. One of locations Dingkel Block. Preliminary excavations succeeded uncovering south side wall and southwest corner building. research intended to determine form building its function. method through surveys excavations. Surveys are mainly car...

Positing complex adaptive systems made of agents with relations between them that can be composed, it follows that they can be described by gauge theories similar to elementary particle theory and general relativity. By deenition, a universal dynamics is able to determine the time development of any such system without need for further speciication. The possibilities are limited, but one of the...