Context: Gradually-typed languages allow typed and untyped code to interoperate, but typically come with significant drawbacks. In some languages, the types are unreliable; in others, communication across type boundaries can be extremely expensive; still others only limited forms of interoperability. The research community is actively seeking a sound, fast, expressive approach gradual typing. I...

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This paper presents a framework that extends a partial evaluation method for transformational programs to a method for reactive CSP processes. Temporal logic formulas are used to represent constraints on the sets of the sequences of communication actions executed by the processes. We present a set of simple rules for specializing processes with temporal formulas which contain X(next)-operators ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the owner-reported prevalence of behavioral characteristics in dogs obtained as puppies from pet stores with that of dogs obtained as puppies from noncommercial breeders. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Animals-Dogs obtained as puppies from pet stores (n = 413) and breeder-obtained dogs (5,657). PROCEDURES Behavioral evaluations were obtained from a large convenience samp...

Farmers' subjective evaluations of their cows' milking speed, scored as "very fast", "fast", "average", "slow", or "very slow", were recorded between 1982 and 1985 under Agriculture Canada's Record of Performance milk recording scheme. For the analysis, scores taken at the beginning (score 1) and the end (score 2) of the lactation were distinguished. Edited data comprised 20,909 records for sco...

OBJECTIVE Calving ease (CE) is a complex reproductive trait of economic importance in dairy cattle. This study was aimed to investigate the genetic merits of CE for Holsteins in Korea. METHODS A total of 297,614 field records of CE, from 2000 to 2015, from first parity Holstein heifers were recorded initially. After necessary data pruning such as age at first calving (18 to 42 mo), gestation ...

In this paper, we introduce the methodology and techniques of metaargumentation to model argumentation. The methodology of meta-argumentation instantiates Dung’s abstract argumentation theory with an extended argumentation theory, and is thus based on a combination of the methodology of instantiating abstract arguments, and the methodology of extending Dung’s basic argumentation frameworks with...