longed exclusive breastfeeding can prevent allergic disease [8, 9] . There are over 250 proteins in human breast milk including a wide variety of cytokines, inflammatory mediators, signalling molecules and soluble receptors [10] , yet there is limited literature on the relationship between maternal diet, breast milk immune constituents and allergy development. In this issue of International Arc...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread through direct contact with blood, although alternative routes of transmission may contribute to the global burden. Perinatal infection occurs in up to 5% of HCV-infected mothers, and presence of HCV RNA in breast milk has been reported. We investigated the influence of breast milk on HCV infectiousness. METHODS/RESULTS Human breast milk reduced HC...

Concentrations of HIV-1 RNA and DNA in mucosal compartments influence the risk of sexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Breast milk production is physiologically regulated such that supply is a function of infant demand, but whether demand also influences HIV-1 dynamics in breast milk is unknown. We tested whether minor and major changes in feeding frequency influence b...

Concentrations of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) in human breast milk are important indicators of infant formula DHA and AA concentrations, and recent evidence suggests that neural maturation of breastfed infants is linked to breast-milk LCPUFA concentrations. We report a descriptive meta-analysis that ...

There has been a dramatic rise in preterm births in developed countries owing to changes in clinical practices and greater use of assisted reproductive techniques. However, few studies have examined the growth and outcomes of preterm infants according to the type of feeding (with fortified breast milk or formula). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of breast milk feedings and f...

Background and Aims: The critical aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breast-milk contamination with Nickel and Arsenic, as well as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) on the milk levels of IL-6 and IL-8.  Materials and Methods: Breast milk was collected from 76 mothers on the 30th day post-parturition and milk levels of AFM1, Nickel, Arsenic, IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated. Results: The results s...

OBJECTIVE Domperidone is increasingly prescribed to improve breast milk volume despite a lack of evidence regarding its effects on breast milk composition. We examined the effect of domperidone on the nutrient composition of breast milk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six mothers who had delivered infants at <31 weeks' gestation, who experienced lactation failure, were randomly assigned to receiv...

BACKGROUND Infants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women have high mortality, but the immunologic integrity and protection afforded by the breast milk of HIV-infected women is unknown. METHODS We determined morbidity and mortality by 24 months among breast-fed infants of 588 HIV-infected and 137 HIV-uninfected women followed-up in a clinical trial in Botswana. A matched case-co...

objective: it is estimated that 80-90% of breastfeeding women experience nipple soreness. in this study we evaluated the effect of aloe vera gel compared with breast milk on nipple sores. methods: this clinical trial study was performed in the neonatal ward of the ghaem hospital in mashhad (iran) from june 2009 to december 2009. mothers were divided randomly into two groups:  aloe vera applicat...

In recent years it has become a practical possibility to distinguish between various types of milk. The difficulty of providing children's hospitals with a sufficient supply of breast milk from wet-nurses has made it necessary to try to collect mother's milk either by voluntary contribution or by purchase. Thanks to successful collaboration with the local welfare centres, the Gothenburg Childre...