Using both mutant analyses with zebrafish mutants deficient in genes encoding members of this signaling pathway, as well as pharmacological treatment with cyclopamine, which inhibits Hh signaling, we have gained a better understanding of the role of this signaling pathway on branchial arch outgrowth. We conclude that while Hh is involved in cell proliferation within all pharyngeal cartilages, i...

We report a case of congenital heterotopic salivary gland with draining sinus in the lower neck on the right side of a 10-year-old female, which we initially thought to be a branchial fistula. Heterotopic salivary glands are rare lesions in the neck and when present appear very similar to branchial cleft sinus or fistula. This congenital lesion is rare. This is probably the first report from In...

Branchial sinuses are one of the most common congenital anomalies present. They are usually unilateral; bilateral cases are present but are rare. The presentation of bilateral branchial sinus anomalies along with bilateral first arch anomalies is very rare. Here, we present a case of bilateral first arch anomalies co-existing with bilateral second arch anomalies in a patient with no related fam...

We herein present a case of a left cervical cystic mass, for which the initial pathological diagnosis was branchial cleft cyst carcinoma (following complete mass excision). Thorough postoperative examinations, including with FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), revealed a primary tumor in the retromolar region of the left mandible. A 52-year-old female presented with a...

We report a rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma incidentally found within a branchial cleft cyst. Only four other cases have been described in the literature. A total thyroidectomy and selective neck dissection was performed, and no evidence of occult primary disease was found after review of fine sections. Branchial cleft cysts are the most common lateral neck masses. Ectopic thyroid tiss...

1 All teleost fish produce ammonia as a metabolic waste product. In embryos, ammonia 2 excretion is limited by the chorion and fish must detoxify ammonia by synthesizing urea via the 3 ornithine urea cycle (OUC). Although urea is produced by embryos and larvae, urea excretion 4 (Jurea) is typically low until yolk sac absorption, increasing thereafter. The aim of this study was 5 to determine th...

The present study focuses on the branchial basket in four Carapidae species: Carapus acus, Encheliophis boraborensis, Encheliophis homei and Encheliophis gracilis. The aim is to highlight the skeletal and muscular features of the branchial basket, especially those that are believed to be related to their way of life and/or to be linked to the presence of primary sound-producing muscles. The spa...