Callus cultures derived from pith tissue of Nicotiana tabacum were grown on two media either under continuous illumination or in complete darkness. The first medium limited greening ability of callus grown in the light (3 milligrams per liter naphthalene acetic acid, 0.3 milligram per liter 2-isopentenylaminopurine, Murashige and Skoog salts, and 2% sucrose). The second medium encouraged chloro...

This work deals with kinetics and chemical equilibrium studies of esterification reaction of ethanol with acetic acid.  The esterification reaction was catalyzed by an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlyst-15) using a batch stirred tank reactor. The pseudo-homogenous and Eley-Rideal models were successfully fitted with experimental data. At first, Eley-Rideal model was examined for heterogeneous...

abstract- the purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of chemical thinning on seasonal variations of leaf and fruit mineral compositions of ‘soltani’ apple trees. treatments, including unthinned control, naphthalene acetic acid (naa) at 5 and 10 mg l-1, naphthaeneacetamide (nad) at 25 and 50 mg l-1, benzyladenine (ba) at 50 and 100 mg l-1 and carbaryl at 500 and 1000 mg l-1 were appl...

A previously described [OLIN. CHEM. 18, 778(1972)] ch romatogra phic sepa ration and fluorometric system has been adapted to determination of 5hyd roxyindole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in body fluids and biological extracts. A strong anion-exchange resin, “Aminex A-27,” is used. The indoleacetic acids are eluted at 60#{176}C with a single ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer. No grad...

Here, efficient plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from Panax quinquefolium hairy roots was reported. Callus development was optimal on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1 mg l) and -naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg l). After a 4-week growth, calli were transferred onto MS medium with different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The highest embryogenesi...

The sulfate-reducing culture N47 can utilize naphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene as the sole carbon source and electron donor. Here we show that the initial reaction in the naphthalene degradation pathway is a methylation to 2-methylnaphthalene which then undergoes the subsequent oxidation to the central metabolite 2-naphthoic acid, ring reduction and cleavage. Specific metabolites occurring exc...

Holm oak populations have deteriorated drastically due to decline syndrome. The first objective of the present study was investigate use axillary budding and somatic embryogenesis (SE) propagate asymptomatic holm genotypes identified in disease hotspots Spain. Axillary achieved two out six tolerant from south-western region four Mediterranean region. Rooting shoots cultured on medium supplement...

Introduction: Otorrhea and granulation tissue in Canal Wall Down mastoidectomy (CWD) is the common problem in cholesteatoma removal and leads to many discomfort for both the patient and the physician. The main objective in CWD is creating the dry cavity, so the topical antibiotic and acetic acid in variable saturations are used for this purpose. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of to...

The GH3 family of acyl-acid-amido synthetases catalyze the ATP-dependent formation of amino acid conjugates to modulate levels of active plant hormones, including auxins and jasmonates. Initial biochemical studies of various GH3s show that these enzymes group into three families based on sequence relationships and acyl-acid substrate preference (I, jasmonate-conjugating; II, auxin- and salicyli...