The treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) remains controversial regarding the use local, systemic, or combined treatments. aim this study was to analyze efficacy and toxicity intravenous high-dose methotrexate (IV HD-MTX) based systemic therapy in a uniformly treated population PVRL patients. From nationwide French database, we retrospectively selected 59 patients (median age: 70 y...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aggregation of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in brain being one its histopathological hallmarks. Recently, graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes have attracted significant attention biomedical areas due to their capacity suppressing Aβ vitro. The mechanism this beneficial effect has not been fully understood vivo. Herei...

Brain malignancies currently carry a poor prognosis despite the current multimodal standard of care that includes surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. As new therapies are desperately needed, naturally occurring chemical compounds have been studied for their potential chemotherapeutic benefits and low toxicity profile. Curcumin, found in the rhizome of turmeric, has exten...

Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death and long-term disabilities worldwide. Excessive intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation in neurons has been considered essential for neuronal injury associated with cerebral ischemia. Although the involvement of glutamate receptors in neuronal Ca(2+) accumulation and toxicity has been the subject of intensive investigation, inhibitors for these receptors ...

Intracellular calcium toxicity remains the central feature in the pathophysiology of ischaemic cell death in brain. Glutamate-gated channels have been thought to be the major sites of ischaemia-induced toxic calcium entry, but the failure of glutamate antagonists in clinical trials has suggested that glutamate-independent mechanisms of calcium entry during ischaemia must exist and may prove cen...

Reirradiation is a challenging field in the treatment of recurrent brain metastases. Because of the elevated risk of radiation toxicity due to previous irradiation, only a limited dose is prescribed. To enhance radiosensitivity, in the present analysis six patients received hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hSRT) with daily oral administration of the hypoxic sensitizer AK-2123 (sanazo...